Ultrafine 316 L stainless steel particles with frozen-in magnetic structures characterized by means of electron backscattered diffraction

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) studies clearly revealed a different crystallographic structure of the smallest particle size fraction of gas-atomized AISI 316 L stainless steel powder (< 4 μm) compared with larger sized fractions of the same powder (< 45 μm). Despite similar chemical compositions, the predominating structure of the smallest particle size fraction was ferritic (i.e., has ferromagnetic properties) whereas the larger sized particle fractions and massive 316 L revealed an expected austenitic and non-magnetic structure. From these findings, it follows that direct magnetic separation can be applied to separate very fine sized particles. These structural differences explain previously observed dissimilarities from corrosion and metal release perspectives.     

The effect of P2O5 on the structure,sintering and sealing properties of barium calcium aluminum boro-silicate (BCABS) glasses

The effect of P₂O₅ incorporation on the sintering, flow and crystallization characteristics of BCABS glasses of composition (mol%) 35BaO–15CaO–5Al₂O₃–(37 − x)SiO₂–8B₂O₃–xP₂O₅ (0 ≤ x ≤5) is investigated. It is observed that addition of P₂O₅, removes cations (Ba²⁺ and Ca²⁺) from the silicate network, resulting in an increase in polymerization. This is reflected by a reduction in TEC and an increase in sealing temperature. In addition, the removal of cations for charge compensation causes a change in major crystalline phases formed, from BaSiO₃ to Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈). In addition, beyond 3 mol% P₂O₅, crystallization of phosphate phases is evident. Based upon the flow temperature, glasses with 0, 1 and 2 mol% P₂O₅ are selected for sealing. In these glasses, conversion of Cr to Cr₂O₃ is observed_, yielding improved adhesion. However, the 2 mol% P₂O₅ glass showed an increased crystallization tendency, resulting in incomplete sintering. Therefore, 1 mol% P₂O₅ seems a good compromise for sealing with improved adhesion.     

Influence of microstructural inhomogeneity of individual sides of Fe81Si4B13C2 amorphous alloy ribbon on thermally induced structural transformations

As a result of the preparation process of Fe₈₁Si₄B₁₃C₂ amorphous alloy ribbon, a difference has been observed between the opposite sides of the ribbon in microstructure and surface morphology. Influence of these differences on thermally induced structural transformations was studied. Thermal treatment below 600 °C had a significant influence on the evolution of the microstructure, as well as phase composition of individual sides of the ribbon. Treatment at higher temperatures caused the microstructural differences between two sides to decrease significantly. Phase composition of the alloy samples showed the opposite trend: the differences observed were the greatest in the fully crystallized alloy, after treatment at 700 °C. These differences are the result of different numbers of nucleation sites for Fe₂B phase on respective sides of the ribbon, leading to 30% difference in its content on different sides in the fully crystallized alloy.     

Effects of Zn on the microstructure,mechanical property and bio-corrosion property of Mg–3Ca alloys for biomedical application

The effects of the addition of Zn element on the microstructures, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg–3Ca alloys are investigated. The microstructure and X-ray diffraction topography indicate that as-cast Mg–3Ca alloys are composed of primary Mg and eutectic (α-Mg + Mg₂Ca) phases, while Mg–3Ca–2Zn alloys are constituted of primary Mg and eutectic (α-Mg + Mg₂Ca + Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃) phases. Mechanical properties results show that the element Zn could improve both tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Ca alloys. The ultimate tensile strength is enhanced by 22%. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance is increased by the addition of Zn element. It is thought that the presence of Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phase mainly contributes to these improvements. Mg–3Ca–2Zn alloy provides moderate strength and excellent corrosion resistance for biomedical application.     

Synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties of nano alumina particulate reinforced magnesium based bulk metallic glass composites

Mg₆₇Zn₂₈Ca₅ bulk metallic glass reinforced with 0.66-1.5 vol% of nano alumina particulates were successfully synthesized using disintegrated melt deposition technique. Microstructural characterization revealed reasonably uniform distribution of alumina particulates in a metallic glass matrix. The reinforced particles have no significant effect on the glass forming ability of the monolithic glass matrix. Mechanical characterization under compressive loading showed improved micro hardness, fracture strength and failure strain with increase in nano alumina particulate reinforcement. The best combination of strength, hardness and ductility was observed in Mg/1.5 vol% alumina composite with fracture strength of 780 MPa and 2.6% failure strain.     

Influence of mechanical surface treatments on the high cycle fatigue performance of TIMETAL 54M

TIMETAL 54M (in the following Ti-54M) is a newly developed (α + β) titanium alloy with nominal composition Ti-5Al-4V-0.6Mo-0.4Fe. The alloy can provide a cost benefit over Ti-6Al-4V due to improved machinability and formability. These attractive properties might be a driving force for replacing Ti-6Al-4V in many aircraft as well as biomedical applications. Since HCF performance is one of the most important requirements for these applications, it is essential to improve this property by microstructural optimization and by mechanical surface treatments such as shot peening or ball burnishing. The latter improvement is mainly the result of induced near-surface severe plastic deformation which results in work-hardening and the generation of compressive residual stresses that retard fatigue crack propagation. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the potential fatigue life improvements in Ti-54M due to shot peening and ball-burnishing. The process-induced residual stresses and stress-depth profiles were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (ED) of synchrotron radiation with the beam energy of 10-80 keV. Results on Ti-54M and Ti-6Al-4V will be compared and correlated with the mean stress and environmental sensitivities of the fatigue strengths in the microstructures.     

A comparison of the microstructure and creep behavior of cold rolled HAYNES 230 alloy™ and HAYNES 282 alloy™

HAYNES 282 and HAYNES 230 nickel-based superalloys were subjected to cold rolling deformation and heat treatments in order to investigate processing-microstructure-property relationships to understand the effects of thermomechanical processing on their microstructure and tensile-creep behavior. The sheet materials underwent four cycles of 20% reduction in thickness followed by a solution treatment. The resultant microstructures were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and electron microscopy, and the high-temperature (973-1088 K (700-815 °C)) creep and fatigue behavior was evaluated and compared to the commercially available sheet alloys. The thermomechanical processing treatments did not significantly affect the grain boundary character distribution and almost half of all the boundaries in the microstructures were twin boundaries. The creep resistance was shown to degrade with the additional thermomechanical treatments, which resulted in finer equiaxed grain sizes. The HAYNES 282 alloy was shown to be significantly more creep resistant than the HAYNES 230 alloy. The fatigue behavior indicated that creep ratcheting occurred more prominently in the HAYNES 230 alloy than in the HAYNES 282 alloy and this was explained to be a result of the superior creep resistance exhibited by the HAYNES 282 alloy. Overall, this study suggests that additional energy-intensive processing treatments, beyond those involved in the commercially available sheet products, may not be beneficial for additional creep resistance.     

A simple but effective FE model with plastic shot for evaluation of peening residual stress and its experimental validation

We propose a practical finite element (FE) model for evaluation of peening residual stress. The model aims to produce a solution approaching the endeavored 3D FE solution. We investigate the effect of physical factors including material damping, dynamic friction and strain rate. The kinematical factors including shot diameter and impact velocity are also considered. Integrating those factors and plastic shots, we set up an effective FE model. Based on the arc height and coverage matching with the Almen saturation curve, impact velocity needed for FE analysis is determined. The model is found to provide the solution comparable with the 3D multi-impact FE solution and the experimental XRD result.     

Gd2Fe14Cr3化合物的本征磁致伸缩

通过X射线衍射及磁测量手段研究了Gd2Fe14Cr3化合物的热膨胀性质及本征磁致伸缩性质.研究结果表明,Gd2Fe14Cr3化合物在294～692K范围内,具有单相的Th2Zn17型菱方相结构;磁测量的研究结果表明,Gd2Fe014Cr3化合物的居里温度约为540K,比其母合金Gd2Fe17高约30K;在452～512...