pH control for enhanced reductive bioremediation of chlorinated solvent source zones

Enhanced reductive dehalogenation is an attractive treatment technology for in situ remediation of chlorinated solvent DNAPL source areas. Reductive dehalogenation is an acid-forming process with hydrochloric acid and also organic acids from fermentation of the electron donors typically building up in the source zone during remediation. This can lead to groundwater acidification thereby inhibiting the activity of dehalogenating microorganisms. Where the soils' natural buffering capacity is likely to be exceeded, the addition of an external source of alkalinity is needed to ensure sustained dehalogenation. To assist in the design of bioremediation systems, an abiotic geochemical model was developed to provide insight into the processes influencing the groundwater acidity as dehalogenation proceeds, and to predict the amount of bicarbonate required to maintain the pH at a suitable level for dehalogenating bacteria (i.e., > 6.5). The model accounts for the amount of chlorinated solvent degraded, site water chemistry, electron donor, alternative terminal electron-accepting processes, gas release and soil mineralogy. While calcite and iron oxides were shown to be the key minerals influencing the soil's buffering capacity, for the extensive dehalogenation likely to occur in a DNAPL source zone, significant bicarbonate addition may be necessary even in soils that are naturally well buffered. Results indicated that the bicarbonate requirement strongly depends on the electron donor used and availability of competing electron acceptors (e.g., sulfate, iron (III)). Based on understanding gained from this model, a simplified model was developed for calculating a preliminary design estimate of the bicarbonate addition required to control the pH for user-specified operating conditions.     

国内丙烯聚合催化剂给电子体的研究进展

内外给电子体在提高聚丙烯催化剂活性及控制产品等规度和其他性能中都有着极为重要的作用。文章简述了聚丙烯催化剂中给电子体的研究发展历史,以及国内聚丙烯催化剂及其内外给电子体的研究、生产现状。     

Relationship Between Structure and Coordination Strength of N and N,O-Hybrid Donor Ligands with Trivalent Lanthanides

ABSTRACT

To effectively separate lanthanides (Ln(III)) from actinides (An(III)), symmetrical 2,2′-bipyridyl (Bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), and unsymmetrical N-methyl-N-tolyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2-carboxamide (MeTol-PTA) were investigated. According to the crystal structures and EXAFS experiments, the decreasing ionic radius from light to heavy Ln led to decreases in the Ln–N (Bpy) and Ln–N (Phen) distances, while log β simply increased due to the electrostatic interaction and the order of Ln–O (MeTol-PTA) < Ln–N (Bpy, Phen) < Ln–N (MeTol-PTA) was obtained. This indicated that the bulky phenanthroline moiety of MeTol-PTA may not allow N (MeTol-PTA) to come close to Ln. Consequently, the log β of MeTol-PTA exhibited a local maximum (around Nd).     

DQC602型催化剂在聚丙烯PPB-MM35-S开发中的应用

采用非对称外给电子体技术,在环管反应器中加入氢调敏感性好的外给电子体X用于生产丙烯均聚物,在气相反应器中加入共聚合性能较好的外给电子体Y用于生产乙丙橡胶相,在生产过程中不断优化工艺参数,调整两个环管反应器中氢气浓度和气相反应器中共聚聚丙烯中的乙烯含量,使用更适合生产抗冲共聚聚丙烯的DQC602型催化剂,成功开发出高熔体流动速率(MFR)、高抗冲击共聚聚丙烯PPB-MM35-S。采用直接加氢气的方法,PPB-MM35-S的MFR可达35.00 g/10 min。     

氢供体组与辣根过氧化酶活性光谱研究

对邻苯二酚-苯胺和苯酚-氨基安替吡啉构成的两组测定HRP酶活性的体系进行了研究和比较。紫外可见光光谱和高效液相色谱分析表明,在HRP催化过程中,邻苯二酚-苯胺氢供体对会生成为一种粉红色产物,该产物最大吸收波长在510咖,可用于HRP的活性测量。且与常规使用的苯酚-氨基安替吡啉氢供体对的情况相比,具有更高的灵敏度、更低的检测限值和很好的重复性,在对HRP分别进行20次酶活测量,所得相对标准偏差仅为2．9％。使用邻苯二酚-苯胺氢供体对的方法可计算得到酶动力学参数Km（12．5mM）和Vmax（12．2mMmin^-1mg^-1）。     

淤浆法聚乙烯催化剂的研究

在催化剂的制备过程中引入给电子体,不同的给电子体对催化剂的性能有不同的影响。尤其在90℃时加入二苯基二甲氧基硅烷给电子体化合物（给电子体与MgCl2的摩尔比为0.3）,所制备的催化剂各方面的性能较好。将加入上述给电子体所得的催化剂用于乙烯淤浆聚合实验,结果表明,聚乙烯树脂堆密度明显提高,粒度分布集中,细粉含量明显减少。     

Synergistic Extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) by Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)Amine with Various Anions in 1,2‐Dichloroethane

The extraction equilibria of Am(III) and Eu(III) by using a tripodal ligand, tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa), with various lipophilic anions have been investigated. The extractability of both Am(III) and Eu(III) was increased by the combination of tpa and counteranions due to a synergistic effect. The separation factors between Am(III) and Eu(III) were also increased from 7.6 to 49 by the combination of counteranions and organic solvents. The extraction equilibria of Am(III) and Eu(III) with tpa in 1,2‐dichloroethane were determined by slope analysis. It was found that three anions and one molecule of the ligand coordinated to Am(III) and Eu(III) was extracted regardless of the anions.     

反相气相色谱法研究端羟基聚丁二烯粘合剂的表面性质

采用气相反相色谱技术(IGC)研究了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)粘合剂的表面物理化学性质。结果表明,HTPB的色散分量随着温度的升高而降低,总表面自由能表现出与色散分量相一致的规律。与聚乙烯相比,HTPB具有更高的表面自由能,因为HTPB表面含有羟基。极性分量以及酸、碱分量随着温度的升高而逐渐增大,酸性分量比碱性分量大,且对温度更敏感、增大的更快,这表明HTPB显示较强的布伦斯特酸性。