Chlorine auto-doping by chloride vapor phase epitaxial growth of InP

Chlorine auto-doping phenomenon was found for the first time in InP epitaxial growth by using a PCl₃/InP/H₂ system. Chlorine atoms act as a donor in the epitaxial layer and the carrier concentration is dependent on the facet of InP substrate. The carrier concentration of the InP layer on ( 111)B facet was over 10³ times higher than that on (111)A substrate.     

Microcrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells prepared at low temperature using PECVD

The low-temperature deposition of μc-Si:H has been found to be effective to suppress the formation of oxygen-related donors that cause a reduction in open-circuit voltage (V_oc) due to shunt leakage. We demonstrate the improvement of V_oc by lowering the deposition temperature down to 140°C. A high efficiency of 8.9% was obtained using an Aasahi-U substrate. Furthermore, by optimizing textured structures on ZnO transparent conductive oxide substrates, an efficiency of 9.4% was obtained. In addition, relatively high efficiency of 8.1% was achieved using VHF (60 MHz) plasma at a deposition rate of 12 Å s⁻¹. Thus, this low-temperature deposition technique for μc-Si:H is promising for obtaining both high efficiency and high-rate deposition technique for μc-Si:H solar cells.     

Depletion layer in pn-junction of diamond with phosphorus donor and boron acceptor

In order to understand characteristics of diamond pn-junction, ionized dopant and carrier profiles in pn-junction of diamond with phosphorus (P) donor and boron (B) acceptor are calculated. There exists a large transition region at a depletion layer edge due to Debye tailing at room temperature (RT). The length of Debye tailing, λ, is reduced with increasing compensation ratios and temperatures. The Debye tailing is predicted to facilitate an early effect of a pnp-bipolar transistor.     

外给电子体对DQ催化剂聚合性能的影响

研究了使用不同的外给电子体进行丙烯聚合时,DQ催化剂活性、氢调敏感性、立体定向性以及聚合物相对分子质量和相对分子质量分布的变化。结果表明,使用环己基-甲基-二甲氧基硅烷,聚合物的等规度可调性好;使用二环戊基-二甲氧基硅烷,DQ催化剂活性更高,立体定向性更强;使用二异丁基-二甲氧基硅烷,DQ催化剂的氢调敏感性更好。     

邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯对丙烯聚合催化剂中Ti中心电子状态的影响

采用光电子能谱技术对不同内给电子体邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DNBP)含量的TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂的结构进行了表征。表征结果显示,在TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂中,DNBP能向Ti中心提供电子从而影响Ti中心的电子状态;随TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂中DNBP含量的增加,Ti中心的Ti2p3/2结合能逐渐向低能区位移,并最终稳定在458.3eV。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析手段推测了DNBP在TiCl4/MgCl2催化剂中影响Ti中心电子状态的方式。     

给电子体MgCl2对聚α-烯烃溶液聚合的影响

在不同的给电子体MgCl2的、用量聚合温度、聚合时间等条件下，考察MgCl2对聚α-烯烃溶液聚合的影响．结合室内模拟环道评价装置和凝胶渗透色谱仪，测定聚合产物的减阻性能，确定给电子体MgCl2对聚合活性中心数量和分布的调变作用及反应时间的影响．研究结果表明：在n（Al）／n（Ti）=80、α-烯烃：正庚烷=2：3（体积比）、起始温度0℃、MgCl2用量0．3g、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷（DDS）=0.25mL、聚合时间24小时的条件下，聚合产物的减阻率达到48％，减阻率比较稳定，能用于工业原油的输送．     

New oxygen donors formed at 700 °C in silicon

Donor formation at 700 °C was studied by infrared absorption, etching, transmission electron microscope, resistivity, and spreading resistance measurements in Czochralski grown silicon. The donor concentration is related to the oxygen-precipitate density, oxygen reduction, and carbon reduction by annealing at 700 °C. The donor distribution corresponds to the distribution of oxygen precipitates observed after annealing. The proposed donor is an oxygen precipitate nucleated at a carbon site. The oxygen-related donor formation not only occurs in the bulk of samples but also in the denuded zone. Donor-related microdefects do not seriously influence the threshold voltage in metal-oxide-silicon field-effects-transistors, but are expected to decrease carrier lifetime at the surface of the denuded zone.     

Quantum states of a hydrogenic donor impurity in a cubic quantum dot by the finite difference method

The problem of a hydrogenic donor impurity in a cubic quantum dot with finite confinement potential is solved by the finite difference method. The discretized matrix equation needs to be solved for its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. An algorithm of nonlinear programming is utilized for this problem. The results match references qualitatively in the weak regime, but introduce new problems in the strong and intermediate regimes.     

Hepatic 1-carbon metabolism enzyme activity,intermediate metabolites,and growth in neonatal Holstein dairy calves are altered by maternal supply of methionine during late pregnancy

Maternal supply of methyl donors such as methionine (Met) during late pregnancy can affect offspring growth and development. The objective was to investigate the effect of postruminal Met supply during late pregnancy on 1-carbon, Met cycle, and transsulfuration pathways in the calf liver. During the last 28 d of pregnancy, cows were individually fed a control diet or the control diet plus rumen-protected dl-Met (MET; 0.09% dry matter intake). Liver samples obtained from calves (n = 14/group) at 4, 14, 28, and 50 d of age were used for metabolomics, real-time PCR, and enzyme activity analyses. Genes associated with 1-carbon metabolism, DNA methylation, and the cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine–choline pathway were analyzed via real-time PCR. Activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) was analyzed using ¹⁴C isotopes. Data were analyzed using a mixed model that included the fixed effects of maternal treatment, day, and their interaction, and the random effect was calf within maternal diet. Calves born to dams offered MET tended to have greater birth body weight and had overall greater body weight during the first 9 wk of life. However, no differences were detected for daily feed intake and average daily gain between groups. Concentrations of betaine and choline, reflecting Met cycle activity, at d 14 through 28 were greater in MET calves. Transsulfuration pathway intermediates also were altered in MET calves, with concentrations of cysteine sulfinic acid and hypotaurine (d 4 and 14) and taurine being greater (d 4, 14, 28, and 50). Despite the lack of differences in daily feed intake, the greater concentrations of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates fumarate and glutamate along with NAD/NADH in MET calves indicated enhanced rates of energy metabolism. Although activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase was greater in MET calves at d 14, cystathionine β-synthase was lower and increased at d 14 and 28, where it was greater compared with the control diet. Activity of MTR was lower at d 4 and 50 in MET calves. Among gene targets measured, MET calves had greater overall expression of MTR, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and choline kinase α and β. An interaction of maternal diet by time was detected for mRNA abundance of DNA methyltransferase 3α (involved in de novo methylation) due to greater values at d 4 and 14 in MET calves. Overall, the data indicate that enhanced postruminal supply of Met to cows during late pregnancy may program hepatic metabolism of the calf in the context of maintaining Met homeostasis, phosphatidylcholine and taurine synthesis, DNA methylation, and energy metabolism. These alterations potentially result in better efficiency of nutrient use, hence conferring the calf a physiologic advantage during a period of rapid growth and development. The precise biologic mechanisms remain to be established.