Acid-Base Properties of Zirconium, Cerium and Lanthanum Oxides by Calorimetric and Catalytic Investigation

The combined use of calorimetric and catalytic methods for the investigation of the acid-base properties of oxide systems is discussed with reference to the authors' work on pure and doped zirconia samples, ceria-zirconia and ceria-lanthana solid solutions. Adsorption microcalorimetry of ammonia and carbon dioxide had been used to characterize the samples, whose chemical and thermal history was taken into account. The catalytic behavior of these samples in the conversion of 4-methylpentan-2-ol, route to 4-methylpent-1-ene (starting product for the manufacture of polymers of superior technological properties), had also been studied. On the basis of the calorimetric data, a rationale for interpreting the data for the transformation of 4-methylpentan-2-ol is formulated, which takes into account the role of the concentration and strength of the sites in governing the competition among the various mechanisms for dehydration and dehydrogenation.     

Synergistic Catalysis of Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation into Methanol by Yttria-Doped Ceria/γ-Alumina-Supported Copper Oxide Catalysts: Effect of Support and Dopant

Methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide hydrogenation was studied over ceria/-alumina- and yttria-doped ceria (YDC)/-alumina-supported copper oxide catalysts to seek insight into the catalysis at metal–support interfaces. It was found that, in comparison with Cu/-Al₂O₃, the Cu/CeO₂/-Al₂O₃ and Cu/YDC/-Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited substantial enhancement in activity and selectivity toward methanol formation. The extent of enhancement was augmented by increased ceria loading on -alumina and with increased yttria doping into ceria. The enhancement is inferred to result from the synergistic effect between copper oxide and surface oxygen vacancies of ceria.     

硫化镉微晶掺杂玻璃及薄膜的制备与光学性能的研究

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了硫化镉微晶掺杂玻璃和薄膜材料，使用了三种不同的方法引入所需的Ｓ＾２－离子，通过Ｘ射线和透射电镜等实验手段，分析了微晶结构显微相，标定出晶体确为ＣｄＳ，并测得微晶的尺寸。从室温吸收光谱上观察到吸收截止边随着ＣｄＯ掺杂凝胶在１５０℃时通Ｈ２Ｓ气体时间的延长（１－８ｈ）而移向长波方向，从而确定其为量子尺寸效应的实验依据。在Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ强激光光场的作用下，薄膜样品中观察到二次谐波信号，     

Characterization of boron-doped diamond electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Charge transfer on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The diamond films of 5 μm thickness and boron content between 200 ppm and 3000 ppm were prepared by the hot filament CVD technique on niobium substrate and mounted in a Teflon holder as rotating disk electrodes. The electrochemical measurements were carried out in aqueous electrolyte solutions of 0.5 M Na₂ SO ₄ + 5 mM K₃[Fe(CN)₆]/K₄[Fe(CN)₆]. Significant deviation in the redox behaviour of BDD and active Pt electrodes was indicated by a shift of the peak potentials in the cyclic voltammograms with increasing sweep rate and lower limiting diffusion current densities under rotating disk conditions. In the impedance spectra an additional capacitive element appeared at high frequencies. The potential and rotation dependence of the impedance spectra can be described quantitatively in terms of a model based on diffusion controlled charge transfer on partially blocked electrode surfaces. Direct evidence for the non-homogeneous current distribution on the diamond surface was obtained by SECM measurements.     

纳米ZnO传感阵列对多组份气体的智能识别

采用物理热蒸发法制备纯ZnO纳米线及Al,Ag,Ni掺杂的ZnO纳米线.以纯ZnO纳米线及Al,Ag,Ni掺杂的ZnO纳米线为基料分别制成气敏传感器;利用气体敏感的差异性,构建纳米ZnO基气敏传感器阵列,结合BP人工神经网络来实现纳米ZnO基气敏元件对目标混合气体组分和相对浓度的识别.结果表明:将传感器阵列输出灵敏度值进行处理后,输入BP神经网络完成训练,能够准确识别混合气体(CO,H2,CH4)的组分与相对浓度。     

Dy_2O_3掺杂对钛酸锶钡陶瓷结构性能的影响

采用草酸盐沉淀法,以硝酸锶、硝酸钡、钛酸丁酯和草酸为原料,Dy2O3为掺杂剂,制得了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉体,并于1250℃将其烧结成Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3系电介质陶瓷。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射及TH2818自动元件分析仪对Dy2O3掺杂量为0.2%~2%的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能进行研究。结果表明,Dy2O3的掺杂没有影响到BST陶瓷的主晶相钙钛矿结构,且一定量的Dy3+进入到BST晶格中。BST陶瓷的介电损耗随着掺杂量的增加而逐渐减小,介电常数随着掺杂量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当掺杂量为0.5%时,介电常数最大,为4 474.48。     

复合掺杂Nd（III）和Zn（II）非晶态Ni（OH）2电极活性材料的制备及其表征

以NiSO4、ZnSO4和Nd（NO3）3为原料,采用共沉淀快速冷冻法制备出了复合掺杂稀土Nd（III）和Zn（II）的非晶态氢氧化镍粉体材料。测试发现：样品材料微结构无序性强,结晶水含量较高。将样品材料制备成镍电极并组装成MH—Ni电池,在80mA／g恒电流充电5．5h、40mA／g恒电流放电、终止电压为1．0V的充放电制度下,复合掺杂6％Nd（III）和6％Zn（II）样品材料电池的放电平台为1．2624V,放电比容量为343．12mAh／g,远高于目前应用的B-Ni（OH）2电极活性材料的放电比容量。     

基于MEMS技术研制RF硅基微电感线圈

在分析了硅基上金属线圈的串联电阻、金属层厚度等在低频和高频的情况下对Q的影响及原因的基础上,提出了一种在硅杯表面采用浓硼扩散区与镀金属膜形成的欧姆接触电极作为内引线的硅基电感的新制造方法。设计了硅基电感的版图尺寸和相关的工艺流程,用IntelliSuite软件模拟验证了工艺流程的可能性,再利用Ansys有限元软件中的电磁分析模块模拟了电流与磁感应强度的关系、衬底涡流分布等,为平面电感的理论与实验的进一步比较分析提供了参考依据。在研制过程中发现影响电感性能好坏的主要因素是衬底涡流效应,为此提出了在矩形硅杯膜上制作电感的方法,为了进一步减薄金属电感线圈衬底的厚度,在硅杯膜背面采用激光打孔得到了膜厚约为5μm的衬底,从而可以使衬底中的涡流大幅度减少、电感的Q值得到很大提高。此外,提出的新制造方法采用了绝缘性能比SiO2好的Al2O3薄膜作为电感线圈与衬底之间的绝缘层。结果表明,设计的平面螺旋电感具有制造工艺简单、与IC工艺相兼容的优点,有广泛的应用前景。     

Atomic layer deposition of GDC cathodic functional thin films for oxide ion incorporation enhancement

In this paper, we report successful fabrication of a gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) thin film using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for improving the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). By varying the deposition conditions and adjusting the configuration of the ALD supercycle, the doping ratio of ALD GDC was controlled. The morphology, crystallinity, and chemical composition of ALD GDC thin films were analyzed. ALD GDC showed different surface chemistry, including oxidation states, at different doping ratios. The application of ALD GDC in a SOFC led to an output power density enhancement greater than 2.5 times. With an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) porous support structure, an ALD GDC thin film SOFC (TF-SOFC) showed a high power density of 288.24 mW/cm² at an operating temperature of 450°C.     

Sm2O3和Nd2O3共同掺杂CeO2基电解质材料的研究

采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐法合成出单一相、均匀的Ce0.8SmxNd0．2-xO19粉体，XRD结果表明该粉体为单相萤石结构，粒径约在11．7nm～20．1nm之间。将粉体干压成型，在1400℃下无压烧结5h可得到高致密度陶瓷。SEM照片显示陶瓷微观结构均匀，晶粒尺寸在2μm～4μm。经直流四端电极法测试得到该样品在500℃时电导率约在0．012 S／cm。该结果说明与单项掺杂相比，两相共掺杂会进一步提高材料的电导率。