碱土金属氧化物含量对模拟高放废液玻璃固化体析晶行为的影响

以硼硅酸盐玻璃作为基础玻璃基材,通过熔融法制备了含16%(质量分数)模拟高放废液的玻璃固化体,探究了碱土金属氧化物含量对玻璃固化体析晶行为的影响,以期在保证玻璃固化体性能要求的前提下,通过控制碱土金属氧化物的含量抑制玻璃固化体的析晶倾向。结果显示:碱土金属氧化物(CaO+MgO+BaO)含量在7%~19%(质量分数)时,玻璃固化体析晶上限温度和析晶率随碱土金属氧化物含量的降低而逐渐降低;玻璃网络聚合度的增加能够显著增强玻璃固化体的抗析晶性能,当碱土金属氧化物含量低于11%(质量分数)时玻璃固化体中硫酸盐的溶解度明显下降。基于包容0.7%(质量分数)SO₃的要求,碱土金属氧化物含量适宜组成应控制在11%(质量分数)以上。     

孔分布对多孔孔板流场和噪声的影响

目前多孔孔板普遍采用均匀布孔结构,广泛用于管路限流降压以及减振降噪,为了进一步提高流动稳定性以及降低流噪声,在保持等效开孔直径不变的前提下,设计了具有不同孔间距、孔数和孔径的非均匀孔分布多孔孔板模型。基于数值计算结果,详细比较了含不同孔板模型管路流场中的速度、压力、回流特性、射流会聚和流动发展等流动特征。采用声学模型计算了孔板的噪声,在中心线以及垂直于流动方向的截面上设置监测点,对比了其频谱特性和总声压级。结果表明,与均匀多孔分布的常规孔板相比,孔间距等差递减、孔板边缘的孔数增多、以及孔径在满足不减少孔数的条件下增大,均能在不影响降压能力的情况下提高流动稳定性和降低板后噪声,且其噪声值分别最大改善了5.62, 6.10和7.00 dB。     

Dual‐bed catalyst system for the direct synthesis of high density aviation fuel with cyclopentanone from lignocellulose

In this article, we demonstrated an integrated process for the direct production of tri(cyclopentane) with cyclopentanone which can be obtained from lignocellulose. The reaction was carried out in a dual‐bed continuous flow reactor. In the first bed, cyclopentanone was selectively converted to 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol over the Pd‐MgAl‐HT (hydrotalcite) catalyst. Under solvent‐free and mild conditions (443 K, 0.1 MPa H₂), high carbon yield (81.2%) of 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol was achieved. Subsequently, the 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol was further hydrodeoxygenated to tri(cyclopentane) in the second bed. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ni‐Hβ‐DP prepared by deposition‐precipitation (DP) method exhibited the highest activity for the hydrodeoxygenation step. By using Pd‐MgAl‐HT as the first bed catalyst and Ni‐Hβ‐DP as the second bed catalyst, tri(cyclopentane) was directly produced at high carbon yield (80.0%) with cyclopentanone as feedstock. This polycycloalkane has high density (0.91 kg/L) and can be used as additive to improve the density and volumetric heating value of bio‐jet fuel. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2754–2761, 2016     

基于语句表和Profibus的水箱液位与进水口流量串级控制系统

提出一种基于语句表和Profibus的水箱液位与进水口流量串级控制方案。给出系统组成和设备硬件组态,说明使用符号地址访问数据块中数据的方法。阐述了PID功能块FB41的使用方法和主要参数说明,给出了语句表主要程序段。相关测试结果表明:该系统响应速度快,超调量小。     

Fuzzy deduction methods of selecting the underwater terrain navigation matching area

To overcome the problems of not describing terrain matching characteristics totally with a single terrain feature parameter in underwater navigation terrain database, an evaluation method named Vague set is proposed to describe the terrain suitability comprehensively based on the fuzzy decision making (FDM) method. The membership functions and non-membership functions of the Vague set are used to define the influence of the terrain map characteristics parameters on matching suitability, and comprehensive evaluation values of matching areas are obtained by the weighted score function method. Simulation results demonstrate that the terrain map suitability is positively proportional to the comprehensive evaluation value, while the matching position error is negatively proportional to the comprehensive evaluation value of the matching area. The Vague set can choose the optimal matching areaeffectively, and solve the problem that the single topographic map featurecannot evaluate suitability comprehensively.     

Blind recognition algorithm for IRA codes in noisy environment

For noisy environment, the parity-check matrix of Irregular Repeat-Accumulate(IRA) codes is hard to reconstruct, moreover, the relationships of the large-scale complex interleaver are hard to recover. To solve the problems, a novel blind recognition algorithm is proposed. First, the code's length and synchronization are identified by applying rank criteria. Second, by implementing matrix transformation, the dual vectors of codewords are found. Then, by setting a threshold, the effective parity-check vectors of dual space are selected. According to the sparse characteristics of the IRA codes' parity-check matrix, the parity matrix can be reconstructed with effective parity-check vectors Finally, relationships of the interleaver can be recovered according to the characteristics of IRA codes. Simulation results show that the proposal can be used to estimate IRA codes encoding parameters and complete the blind recognition in the non-cooperative context with noise.     

基于色彩纹理的车牌定位系统设计

为了提高车牌定位的准确率,提出了一种基于色彩纹理的车牌定位的分析方法. 首先将彩色图像的色彩空间由RGB转换到HSV,生成HSV色彩模型的三通道图像,将图片进行滤波调整之后,并将符合车牌区域的有效像素的灰度值范围作为参数排除图像中的干扰信息,然后将转换后的图像车牌背景颜色和车牌字符颜色进行二值化处理生成两幅灰度图像,采用逐行扫描的方法对两幅灰度图像的各个像素点进行分析和比对,通过像素灰度值的跳变次数,判断是否找出符合车牌纹理的区域,通过计算确定车牌在图像上的区域,并输出车牌图像. 该方法提高了的车牌识别的准确性和稳定性.     

用自相关拓扑指数估算链烷烃的热力学性质

以碳原子的价电子能级值 (εi)为参数 ,建构了自相关拓扑指数 ( tT) ,其中0 T =Σεi,1T =Σ(εi.εj) 0 .5,1T不仅对链烷烃分子呈现良好的结构选择性 ,而且与 85种链烷烃的热力学性质 (p,标准生成焓、标准熵、标准生成自由能 )具有高度相关性 ,P与1T及N(或P3)的复相关系数依次为 0 .995 3,0 .9992 ,0 .992 5。优于文献值 ,预测结果令人满意     

Effect of dynamic crosslinking on tensile yield behavior of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber blends

Tensile yield behavior of the blends of polypropylene (PP) with ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) is studied in blend composition range 0–40 wt % EPDM rubber. These blends were prepared in a laboratory internal mixer by simultaneous blending and dynamic vulcanization. Vulcanization was performed with dimethylol phenolic resin. For comparison, unvulcanized PP/EPDM blends were also prepared. In comparison to the unvulcanized blends, dynamically vulcanized blends showed higher yield stress and modulus. The increase of interfacial adhesion caused by production of three‐dimensional network is considered to be the most important factor in the improvement. It permits the interaction of the stress concentrate zone developed at the rubber particles and causes shear yielding of the PP matrix. Systematic changes with varying blend composition were found in stress‐strain behavior in the yield region, viz., in yield stress, yield strain, width of yield peak, and work of yield. Analysis of yield stress data on the basis of the various expressions of first power and two‐thirds power laws of blend compositions dependence and the porosity model led to consistent results from all expression about the variation of stress concentration effect in both unvulcanized and vulcanized blend systems. Shapes and sizes of dispersed rubber phase (EPDM) domains at various blend compositions were studied by scanning electron microscopy. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2104–2121, 2000     

Thermal and catalytic upgrading of a biomass‐derived oil in a dual reaction system

The thermal and catalytic upgrsding of bio‐oil to liquid fuels was studied at atmospheric pressure in a dual reactor system over HZSM‐5, silica‐alumina and a mixed catalyst containing HZSM‐5 and silica‐alumina. This bio‐oil was produced by the rapid thermal processing of the maple wood. In this work, the intent was to improve the catalyst life. Therefore, the first reactor containing no catalyst facilitated thermal cracking of blo‐oil whereas the second reactor containing the desired catalyst upgraded the thermally cracked products. The effects of process variables such as reaction temperature (350°C to 410°C), space velocity (1.8 to 7.2 h^?1) and catalyst type on the amounts and quality of organic liquid product (OLP) were investigated, In the case of HZSM‐5 catalyst, the yield of OLP was maximum at 27.2 wt% whereas the selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons was maximum at 83 wt%. The selectivities towards aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons were highest for mixed and silica‐alumina catalysts, respectively. In all catalyst cases, maximum OLP was produced at an optimum reaction temperature of 370°C in both reactors, and at higher space velocity. The gaseous product consisted of CO and CO₂, and C₁‐C₆ hydrocarbons, which amounted to about 20 to 30 wt% of bio‐oil. The catalysts were deactivated due to coking and were regenerated to achieve their original activity.