基于双 AWG 的新型 FBG 连续解调方法研究

为了实现基于阵列波导光栅(arrayed waveguide grating, AWG)的光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratin, FBG)的连续解调, 提出了一种使用两个 AWG 联合解调的方法。 在一个 AWG 相邻两通道光谱中间插入另一个 AWG 对应通道的光谱,组成最小 的光谱周期;每次测量均从三通道中选择光强度最强的两个通道,利用相对光强解调算法,根据其波长—功率关系对 FBG 中心 波长进行精确测量。 使用两个 100 GHz 的 AWG 搭建了实验平台,并对温度传感器的解调进行研究。 实验表明,在 0. 8 nm 的系 统最小动态范围周期内,实现了对 FBG 的连续精确解调,系统的解调线性度达 0. 999 1,波长精度达±4 pm。 对数据和实验结果 进行数学分析,可以将 C 波段范围分成多个波长周期,系统可以实现在 C 波段 40 nm 全周期范围内对单个 FBG 的连续解调。 该方法不但可以实现在 C 波段范围内基于 AWG 对 FBG 的连续解调,使得运用 FBG 可以连续感测外界物理量变化,提高了系 统的实用性。 而且,该方法能够准确解调出波长信息,为实现对 FBG 的连续精确解调提供了借鉴信息,有利于进一步扩大 FBG 的应用领域。     

基于能量回馈的电力电子变压器软启动策略

电力电子变压器(PET)中存在大量初始能量为0的电容器,若直接启动PET通过常规闭环控制给这些电容充电以建立直流电压,则将导致PET内部各个变换器的电流过流,可能会导致器件的损坏。为解决此问题,提出了一种基于能量回馈的PET软启动策略。基于PET各部分变换器的电流和功率模型,该策略能够在软启动全过程中实时计算和控制峰值电流,达到了限制启动冲击电流的目的。该策略始终令双有源桥(DAB)变换器工作于峰值电流控制模式下,在保证安全的前提下最大化利用DAB变换器的功率传输能力以加快软启动速度。该策略将低压直流母线电容适度过充,并适时将其中部分能量回馈到高压侧,使得在级联H桥变换器即将进入闭环控制前其高压直流母线电压就已达到参考值,从而彻底消除交流侧的冲击电流。所提策略避免了复杂的参数设计过程,完全依靠理论模型而不是经验来指导软启动全过程的设计。仿真与实验结果验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性。     

双有源桥钳位变换器的简单PWM移相控制策略

针对传统移相控制方法下双有源桥变换器会产生较大电流应力和在宽电压范围下低效率运行的问题,提出一种面向双有源桥钳位变换器的简单PWM移相控制策略。首先,利用钳位开关的运行周期和占空比取代变换器内移相比,以简化原边H桥工作过程并提高控制自由度。然后,计算了副边H桥开关管的占空比。通过分析所提出的移相控制策略的工作原理和软开关特性,推导出以传输功率标幺值为控制量的线性大信号模型。最后,采用基于TMS320F2808为控制器的实验平台进行验证。实验结果展示了简单PWM移相控制降低了变换器的电压应力和电流应力,显著提升了变换器的传输效率。     

一种应用于光伏并网发电系统的新型双输入DC-DC变换器

提出一种具有高增益低电压应力的双输入DC-DC变换器,该变换器由两个上下对称的耦合电感Boost变换器组成。具有单输入和双输入两个模式,在单输入状态下只有一个开关管工作;在双输入状态下两个开关管工作。新型变换器可以通过改变耦合电感的匝比来提升变换器电压增益;输出端采用三电平结构使变换器开关管和二极管电压应力减小。分析了变换器在单输入和双输入模式下的工作模态;给出了变换器主要工作波形;推导了变换器电压增益,开关管和二极管电压应力,分析了漏感对变换器的电压增益的影响。通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

半桥三电平双有源桥不对称均压控制策略

半桥三电平双有源桥(HBTL-DAB)电路工作时必须解决三电平侧上下直流母线电容均压问题,在传统对称控制模式中,可通过微调占空比的方法,实现带载情况下的电容电压均衡控制。然而在空载情况下,对称控制模式难以从控制策略上实现上下直流母线电容电压的均衡调节。针对该问题,文中提出一种针对HBTL-DAB电路的不对称控制方法,首先从理论上分析对称模式不能均压的原因,进而根据不对称方法计算空载时上下直流母线电容分别在正负半周期内传输的能量偏差。通过调节该能量偏差实现上下直流母线电容电压的均衡控制,并同时指出影响电压均衡控制效果的主要因素。最后通过仿真,对所述不对称控制方法在多种工况下的运行情况进行验证。结果表明,无论是外部持续存在不平衡因素的工况、只存在初始不平衡因素的工况,还是内部存在脉冲误差的工况,不对称控制方法都能实现空载和带载时的电压均衡控制。     

基于EMD方法的X波段双偏振雷达衰减订正

针对X波段双偏振雷达信号在降雨路径中的衰减现象,本文提出经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）方法进行X波段双偏振雷达衰减订正,首先对总差分传播相移进行EMD分解得到有限个基本模式分量（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）,并基于皮尔逊相关系数准则将IMF分为噪声IMF和信号IMF两类,然后对信号IMF进行有效重构得到差分传播相移,再将差分传播相移通过最小二乘法拟合得到差分传播相移率,最后对求得的差分传播相移与差分传播相移率采用自适应约束方法进行反射率衰减订正。利用EMD方法和其他方法进行对比分析,其结果表明,EMD方法能够有效地消除X波段双偏振雷达回波数据中后向散射的影响,在保留真实的气象信息的同时,有效地抑制差分传播相移的显著波动,进而衰减订正效果更好。     

ATP/pH Dual Responsive Nanoparticle with d‐[des‐Arg10]Kallidin Mediated Efficient In Vivo Targeting Drug Delivery

Inflammation has been reported as one significant hallmark of breast cancer in relation to tumor development, metastasis, and invasion. The bradykinin receptor 1 (B1R) is highly expressed on inflammatory breast tumor cells thus providing a promising targeting site for tumor recognition and sufficient receptor mediated endocytosis. In this study, the authors evaluate the targeting efficiency of l ‐form and d ‐form [des‐Arg¹⁰]kallidin both in vitro and in vivo. To further improve the drug delivery efficiency, the authors establish a dandelion like nanoparticle by combining the polymeric drug conjugates and aptamer complex together. The doxorubicin conjugated polymer is complexed with adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) sensitive hybridized aptamer in self‐assembly process by intercalating into the double strand scaffolds. The acid labile conjugating bond and ATP sensitive aptamer endow the nanoparticle with dual responsiveness to intracellular milieu, thus triggering a quick drug release in tumor cells. Remarkable therapeutic effects and tuned in vivo pharmacokinetics profiles are shown by the aptamer complexed drug conjugates nanoparticle with B1R active targeting modification. Therefore the strategies of B1R targeting and ATP/pH dual‐responsiveness nanoparticle help achieve enhanced drug accumulation within tumor cells and efficient chemotherapy for breast cancer.     

Dual‐horizon peridynamics

In this paper, we develop a dual‐horizon peridynamics (DH‐PD) formulation that naturally includes varying horizon sizes and completely solves the ‘ghost force’ issue. Therefore, the concept of dual horizon is introduced to consider the unbalanced interactions between the particles with different horizon sizes. The present formulation fulfills both the balances of linear momentum and angular momentum exactly. Neither the ‘partial stress tensor’ nor the ‘slice’ technique is needed to ameliorate the ghost force issue. We will show that the traditional peridynamics can be derived as a special case of the present DH‐PD. All three peridynamic formulations, namely, bond‐based, ordinary state‐based, and non‐ordinary state‐based peridynamics, can be implemented within the DH‐PD framework. Our DH‐PD formulation allows for h‐adaptivity and can be implemented in any existing peridynamics code with minimal changes. A simple adaptive refinement procedure is proposed, reducing the computational cost. Both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional examples including the Kalthoff–Winkler experiment and plate with branching cracks are tested to demonstrate the capability of the method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A size effect law for notched tensile strength of woven carbon/epoxy laminates

Specimen-size effect and notch-size effect on the tensile strength of woven fabric carbon/epoxy laminates are evaluated and modeled. For two different layups of [(0/90)₁₂] and [(±45)₂/(0/90)₅]_S, respectively, static tension tests were performed on two-dimensional geometrically similar unnotched and double-edge notched specimens scaled to three different sizes. Experimental results demonstrate that the notched strength of the woven CFRP laminates depend on the size of specimen as well as the size of notch. The ratio of notched strength to unnotched strength decreases as the length of notch increases, regardless of the size of specimen. For a given size of notch, the notch strength ratio becomes larger with decreasing size of specimen. A notch-size effect law is derived by means of the Neuber interpolation method. A specimen-size effect is embedded into the notch sensitivity parameter involved by the notch-size effect law to establish a size effect law that can cope with these two kinds of size effect. The engineering size effect law proposed can adequately describe the specimen-size effect as well as notch-size effect on the tensile strength of the woven CFRP laminates. It is also demonstrated that the size effect law allows determining the size independent fracture toughness on the basis of notched strengths of small specimens that fail in a quasi-brittle manner.