新型磁性螯合聚合物的合成及其对铀吸附性能的研究

合成了一种新型的、具有高吸附量和机械强度且易于分离的双偕胺肟基聚合物/Fe₃O₄@SiO₂吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验,研究了pH值、固液比、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度等因素对吸附剂吸附铀的影响,并探讨了吸附过程的热力学和动力学。结果表明,吸附剂对铀的吸附量随吸附剂用量、吸附时间及铀酰离子初始浓度的增加而增加,但当这些因素达到一定值时,吸附达到平衡。最佳吸附条件为：pH=5、固液比为0.6 g/L、吸附时间为90 min、铀溶液初始浓度为100 mg/L,在此条件下其饱和吸附量可达到160 mg/g。吸附剂对铀的吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附线,符合准二级动力学方程。     

基于数字多道NaI(Tl)探测器的死时间研究

在放射性测量中,有时候需要对计数率进行精确的测量,因此需要对探测器死时间效应进行修正处理。本文基于DMCA-iCore数字化多道模块,从理论出发分析了数字多道NaI(Tl)探测器产生死时间效应的原因,得出数字多道死时间也服从扩展型分布的结论;同时根据牛顿迭代法推导了死时间修正函数,在计数率较高、探测器死时间较大时该修正函数依然有较好的修正效果。基于双源法测试了系统的死时间,死时间t=20.6 μs,最后在¹³⁷Cs标准剂量场中对NaI(Tl)探测器进行了测试,进一步证明了修正方法的有效性。     

0.2 m高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪发射电路设计

针对0.2m高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪器的理论条件和工程需要,设计了发射电路,包括信号源与功率控制、基于电流源输出的模式1(35 Hz)和模式3(140 Hz)信号发射、基于电压源输出的模式2(280 Hz)信号发射、辅助监督等单元电路,确保三种模式同时工作、互不干扰以及辅助聚焦,三个模式的信号发射功率能够自动控制。室内测试与现场应用均表明,所设计的发射电路适用于0.2 m高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪器,测量值准确可靠,能够为油田薄层识别、饱和度求取以及水淹层判别提供准确可靠的高分辨率电阻率测井资料。     

The First Flexible Dual‐Ion Microbattery Demonstrates Superior Capacity and Ultrahigh Energy Density: Small and Powerful

Humans live today in a high‐tech and informationalized society. With the development of the emerging electronic information age, various electronic systems are inclined to be multifunctional and miniaturized. It is urgent to develop “small and powerful” micro‐batteries with flexibility and high electrochemical performance to meet the diverse needs of microelectronic components. However, low electrochemical performance exists in traditional microenergy storage devices, which fail to satisfy the energy needs for microdevices. Here, for the first time, a planar integrated flexible rechargeable dual‐ion microbattery (DIMB) is reported, which is fabricated from an interdigital pattern of graphite as an electrode and lithium hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte. As a microbattery, the DIMB exhibits a high reversible capacity of 56.50 mAh cm^?3, and excellent cycle stability with 90% capacity retention after 300 cycles under a high working voltage. The application of DIMB in microdevices, such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), digital electronic game consoles, and electrochromic glasses is also investigated, fully demonstrating its “small and powerful” performance. The integrated DIMB is a high‐voltage microdevice that reaches a nonpareil discharge voltage of about 100 V and a charging capacity of 102 mAh g^?1. This dual ion‐based flexible microbattery could become a promising candidate for energy storage and conversion components in next‐generation microelectronic devices and integrated electronic devices.     

Design of alkaline electrolyser for integration in diesel engines to reduce pollutants emission

The different methods for the generation of hydrogen are well known, as well as their applications, advantages and complications for their use. Every day it is essential to replace fossil fuels, so it is necessary to improve and take advantage of the different devices that we already have. The alkaline electrolyser is one of the best options, due to the simplicity of its components and its simple assembling; it is a relatively inexpensive device for the production of hydrogen. In this article, three different alkaline electrolyser stacks are presented, ECH-001 model. The difference between them lies in the fact that the configuration of the electrode changes with the number of drill holes. This has the purpose of optimizing the maximum productivity of the oxyhydrogen gas (OH₂G) with respect to input power and the performance with different operation parameters, like the number of serial plates, geometry and the distance between them. The performance curves of parallel and serial arrangements are shown. The performance of a DEK^TM diesel engine (monocylinder of 406 cc) with and without OH₂G was evaluated, with flows of one, two and three sL min^-1. Tests for CO, CO₂, HC and NOx emissions were measured using the exhaust gas analyzer and varying the engine speed. The results show that the electrolyser assembly with four holes electrodes achieved the best performance with an OH₂G productivity of 2 sL min^-1 when using; 7 serial plates at the anode (which is called arrangement 1, 5–10), 3 mm gap and a 5% solution of NaOH. The results also shows a 14% reduction in fuel consumption, 22% reduction in HC, 23% reduction in CO, 7% reduction in CO₂ and 15.5% NOx reduction with 2 sL min^-1 of OH₂G all this for 2500 rpm. The obtained results show a great advantage for the use of dual combustion with the diesel-hydrogen combination.     

宏/微双驱动微切削定位进给系统的递进式误差补偿技术研究

宏/微双驱动微切削定位进给系统在航空航天、医疗、核能以及IC制造等领域具有广泛的应用,其定位进给精度是保证零件切削加工质量的根本。为了提高其定位进给精度,提出一种机械补偿与算法补偿相结合的递进式误差补偿方法:首先通过微动平台元件的压电致动特性实现对宏平台的粗误差机械方式补偿,再采用最小二乘法和BP神经网络误差补偿模型进行宏/微双驱动系统的精误差算法补偿。并通过误差补偿实验验证后得出,在微切削加工条件下,基于宏/微双驱动定位进给系统的递进式误差补偿法极大地提高了机床的定位进给精度;补偿后X、Y轴的误差波动区间集中在[-0.010,+0.010]μm,定位精度分别为0.006 mm和0.009 mm,重复定位精度为0.010 mm和0.013 mm,实现了系统的纳米级定位和10 nm级的重复定位。     

Bark as feedstock for dual fluidized bed gasifiers—Operability,efficiency, and economics

The demand for biofuels and biochemicals is expected to increase in the future, which will in turn increase the demand for biomass feedstock. Large gasification plants fueled with biomass feedstock are likely to be a key enabling technology in a resource‐efficient, bio‐based economy. Furthermore, the costs for producing biofuels and biochemicals in such plants could potentially be decreased by utilizing inexpensive low‐grade residual biomass as feedstock. This study investigates the usage of shredded tree bark as a feedstock for the production of biomethane in the GoBiGas demonstration plant in Gothenburg, Sweden, based on a 32 MW_th industrial dual fluidized bed gasification unit. The plant was operated with bark feedstock for 12 000 hours during the period 2014 to 2018. Data from the measurement campaign were processed using a stochastic approach to establish the plant's mass and energy balances, which were then compared with operation of the plant with wood pellets. For this comparison, an extrapolation algorithm was developed to predict plant performance using bark dried to the same moisture content as wood pellets, ie, 8%_w.b. Plant operation with bark feedstock was evaluated for operability, efficiency, and feedstock‐related cost. The gas quality achieved during the test period was similar to that obtained for operation with wood pellets. Furthermore, no significant ash sintering or agglomeration problems were observed more than 750 hours of operation. The calculated biomass‐to‐biomethane efficiency is 43% to 47% (lower heating value basis) for operation with wet bark. However, the predicted biomass‐to‐biomethane efficiency can be increased to 55%–65% for operation with bark feedstock dried to 8% moisture content, with corresponding feedstock costs in the range of 24.2 to 32.7 EUR/MWh; ie, a cost reduction of about 40% compared with wood pellets.     

Modeling and operation optimization of RE integrated microgrids considering economic,energy, and environmental aspects

Microgrids provide promising solution for integration of renewable energy sources in the electrical grid. To exploit the key benefits, achieving the economical operation of renewable aided microgrids has become necessary and is a challenging task. This paper presents an efficient optimization model to minimize the operational cost of a solar integrated microgrid. We formulate a joint optimization mixed integer problem for appropriate modeling of the system under various practical constraints. An efficient solution is obtained with a distributed approach such that the original problem is solved in two stages. Dual decomposition approach is adopted for cost, emissions, and solar share optimization. Lagrange relaxation, Lambda iteration method, and binary integer programming are employed to obtain the joint optimization solution. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is validated through simulations that show that an overall cost reduction of 4.2070e+04 $ and emission reduction of 7.2001e+03 kg are achieved with the proposed model.     

双频雷达动目标近场定位算法

利用双频雷达对运动目标进行定位现已受到广泛关注。虽然已有文献对双频雷达进行了一些研究,但这些方法都是基于远场假设的。因此,提出了一种简单的基于菲涅耳模型的利用单站双频雷达进行近场定位的新方法。有别于现有方法需要联合搜索或者需要复杂的矩阵运算,该方法仅使用简单的代数运算就能提供闭式解,可直接应用于低成本的嵌入式设备。此外,推导了单站双频雷达定位问题的克拉美罗下界（CRLB）,为性能评估提供了基准。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Ultrathin Dual‐Scale Nano‐ and Microporous Membranes for Vascular Transmigration Models

Selective cellular transmigration across the microvascular endothelium regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, stem cell localization, and cancer cell metastasis. Integration of traditional microporous membranes into microfluidic vascular models permits the rapid assay of transmigration events but suffers from poor reproduction of the cell permeable basement membrane. Current microporous membranes in these systems have large nonporous regions between micropores that inhibit cell communication and nutrient exchange on the basolateral surface reducing their physiological relevance. Here, the use of 100 nm thick continuously nanoporous silicon nitride membranes as a base substrate for lithographic fabrication of 3 µm pores is presented, resulting in a highly porous (≈30%), dual‐scale nano‐ and microporous membrane for use in an improved vascular transmigration model. Ultrathin membranes are patterned using a precision laser writer for cost‐effective, rapid micropore design iterations. The optically transparent dual‐scale membranes enable complete observation of leukocyte egress across a variety of pore densities. A maximal density of ≈14 micropores per cell is discovered beyond which cell–substrate interactions are compromised giving rise to endothelial cell losses under flow. Addition of a subluminal extracellular matrix rescues cell adhesion, allowing for the creation of shear‐primed endothelial barrier models on nearly 30% continuously porous substrates.