Novel Near‐Infrared Squaraine Sensitizers for Stable and Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A new molecular design strategy for tuning the energy levels of cis‐configured squaraine sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells is described. The Hammett substituent constant and the π‐conjugation length are used as quantitative indicators to modify the central squarate moiety of the sensitizer dyes; specifically, novel near‐infrared squaraine dyes HSQ3 and HSQ4 are synthesized by incorporation of an electron‐withdrawing and π‐extending ethyl cyanoacetate unit on the central squarate moiety. The solution absorption maximum of HSQ4 occurs at 703 nm, and the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital are in the ideal range for energetically efficient electron injection and regeneration of the oxidized dye. A solar cell sensitized with HSQ4 exhibits a broad incident photo­n‐to‐current conversion efficiency spectrum, extending into the near‐infrared region with a maximum value of 80% at 720 nm, which is is the highest value reported for a squaraine dye–based dye‐sensitized solar cell. The HSQ4‐sensitized solar cell also exhibits excellent durability during light soaking, owing to the double anchors attaching the dye to the TiO₂ surface and to the long alkyl chains extending outward from the surface.     

改性膨润土防渗浆材的性能研究

以聚乙烯醇为改性剂制得有机化膨润土,并与水泥、粉煤灰及辅助添加剂组成防渗浆材,通过正交试验法,分析了浆材固结体的渗透性、吸附阻滞性和耐久性。结果表明,以改性膨润土代替天然膨润土获得的浆材具有更低的渗透系数、更好的吸附阻滞性及耐腐蚀性,完全满足抗渗要求。     

欧IV标准的催化转化器结构耐久性验证

接近发动机排气歧管位置的催化转化器由于其最大限度地发挥了催化剂的效能,被欧IV排放标准的车辆广泛应用。本文介绍这种催化转化器的结构和试验验证过程,包括试验目的、试验方案、失效模式、试验参数的确定等等,给出了确定加速耐久性试验的循环次数方程。     

偏高岭土对水泥基胶凝材料耐久性能的影响

以粉煤灰、矿粉和硅灰为混合材,与硅酸盐水泥熟料和石膏复合制备一种水泥基胶凝材料,通过内掺法研究偏高岭土对水泥基胶凝材料力学性能和耐久性能的影响,并利用激光粒度分布曲线、XRD和SEM验结果表明,随偏高岭土掺量的增加,水泥砂浆3d强度逐渐下降,28d强度逐渐增加,然后趋于稳定。当掺量超过9%时,强度的改善效果不显著;同时,偏高岭土的掺入,提高了砂浆的抗渗性能、降低了混凝土的氯离子扩散系数,并在偏高岭土掺量为0%-9%范围内作用效果明显。     

用无机纳米粒子制备耐久性抗菌棉织物的研究进展

为有效地解决无机纳米粒子制备的抗菌棉织物耐久性能不佳的问题,提高无机纳米粒子的整理技术,对黏结剂结合棉织物表面无机纳米粒子耐久抗菌性能的最新研究进展进行综述,介绍了抗菌耐久性的评价方法、黏结剂固化无机纳米粒子在棉织物表面的后整理方法等,并分析了耐久性,对影响耐久性的因素以及抗菌效率、抗菌效率下降趋势和洗涤过程中无机纳米粒子的损失进行了阐述与分析。指出:氨基和巯基基团可与无机纳米粒子形成配位键,有效地将无机纳米粒子固定在棉织物表面上;微波辐射和超声波可应用于增强无机纳米粒子在棉织物表面的黏附力。     

Investigation of tactile comfort properties of the fabrics treated with microcapsules containing phase change materials (PCMs microcapsules)

In this study, it was focused on the investigation of comfort-related properties of the fabrics treated with microcapsules containing phase change materials (PCMs microcapsules). There are limited findings about the effect of prepared PCM microcapsules on fabric properties related with the tactile comfort. In this work, we applied our produced microcapsules to the cotton fabrics and researched these fabrics’ tactile comfort-related properties such as bending rigidity, drape, fabric–fabric friction, and tenacity. One of the outstanding properties of our microcapsules is reactive carboxylic acid groups on their wall. They have the ability to bind to the fabrics in terms of their reactive chemical groups. Microcapsules on the fabrics can be durable to the effects of the rubbing and repeated washings. The fabric test results indicated that air permeability, bending rigidity, tensile strength decrease with the microcapsule treatment, whereas the fabric drape and coefficient of friction of the fabrics increase depending on the amount of microcapsules added on the fabric.     

聚乙烯醇对芳纶复合纱聚苯胺导电层耐久性影响

为提高聚苯胺导电层与基材之间的黏结牢度,以聚乙烯醇为共混高聚物,通过连续原位聚合法在对位芳纶纱线表面形成聚乙烯醇/聚苯胺导电层,制备得到芳纶/聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇复合导电纱。分析了导电纱的结构与性能,并研究了聚乙烯醇对聚苯胺导电层耐水洗和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:适量添加聚乙烯醇有助于提高导电纱导电层的结构规整性及电导率,随着聚乙烯醇质量分数的提高,导电纱的电导率呈先上升后下降的趋势,当聚乙烯醇占苯胺的质量分数为4.30%时,制得的复合导电纱线的电导率最高,达到(1.120±0.198) S/cm;聚乙烯醇的添加和质量分数的提高,有助于聚苯胺导电层耐水洗性及在较小外力作用下的耐磨性的提高。     

冷冻对纸张耐久性影响的研究

低温冷冻杀虫和低温冷冻干燥是备受推崇的纸质藏品保护技术,但是冷冻对纸张耐久性的影响研究尚不充分。为了避免对纸质藏品造成保护性伤害,本文考察了冷冻对不同含水量的酸性纸和中碱性纸耐久性的影响。研究发现,冷冻对纸张耐久性的影响与其含水量和纸张类型相关。冷冻对于干燥中碱性纸耐久性无影响,会降低潮湿和浸湿中碱性纸耐久性,对不同含水量酸性纸耐久性均存在劣化作用。因此,低温冷冻杀虫处理适用于干燥的中碱性纸质藏品,低温冷冻干燥需进一步改善工艺提高其安全性。     

玄武岩纤维织物耐酸碱性试验研究

对一种国产玄武岩纤维织物的耐酸碱性进行了试验,研究了在33～35℃温度下0.5、1.0mol/L的盐酸溶液及0.5、1.0mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中经不同时间的腐蚀后三种规格的玄武岩纤维织物力学性能的变化。结果表明,该玄武岩纤维织物有很好的耐酸碱性,力学性能较稳定,且织物的耐酸性能优于其耐碱性能,证实了玄武岩纤维织物能够在酸碱环境下长期使用,尤其是酸性环境下。     

不同水彩画纸绘画性能对比及影响因素分析

本研究对国内外常见6种水彩画纸的绘画性能进行了对比分析,进而研究了水彩画纸绘画性能的影响因素。结果表明,本研究建立的水彩画纸评价体系有效可行;不同水彩画纸的色差还原性、吸收性、耐擦性和耐久性存在较大差异;影响水彩画纸绘画性能的关键因素可能有纤维原料、填料、紧度、纸张的pH值。