A method for quantifying cell size from differential interference contrast images: validation and application to osmotically stressed chondrocytes

An automatic image analysis method was developed to determine the shape and size of spheroidal cells from a time series of differential interference contrast (DIC) images. The program incorporates an edge detection algorithm and dynamic programming for edge linking. To assess the accuracy and working range of the method, results from DIC images of different focal planes and resolutions were compared to confocal images in which the cell membrane was fluorescently labelled. The results indicate that a 1‐µm focal drift from the in‐focus plane can lead to an overestimation of cell volume up to 14.1%, mostly due to shadowing effects of DIC microscopy. DIC images allow for accurate measurements when the focal plane lies in a zone slightly above the centre of a spherical cell. In this range the method performs with 1.9% overall volume error without taking into account the error introduced by the representation of the cell as a sphere. As a test case, the method was applied to quantify volume changes due to acute changes of osmotic stress.     

High temperature low cycle fatigue

Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing (DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could be made. Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models.     

大集中后数据调整智能化处理的实现

文章简单介绍了INFORMIX关系数据库动态RDSQL语句的使用方法以及利用动态RDSQL语句成功开发的中国建设银行湖南省分行智能帐务调整模块的设计方法。     

连拱坝交叉模态综合法的完备性

对笔者提出的连拱坝动力特性计算的子结构交叉综合法的正确性进行了证明．利用证明子结构子模态向量组成的线性空间是完备的基础上，说明当交叉子结构中所取的截尾模态趋向于完备时，其结果等同于整体计算，并表明近似计算将收敛于正确的结果．     

工程结构动态特性智能优化设计研究

本文针对在传统结构优化设计中，优化过程复杂和费时的问题，采用神经网络的智能算法对结构进行动态优化设计，并给出了具体的设计方法。以门座起重机筒型支柱结构为例，应用此方法对其进行了动态优化设计计算，从而证明了该算法的有效性。     

激光引信及其在海防导弹上的应用前景

简述了 GaAs 激光器、光电探测器及激光引信的基本特点。说明了激光引信在海防导弹上应用的可行性。提出了为满足掠海导弹的需求所必须解决的关键技术和实施途径。展望了激光引信在导弹控制和导引等方面的应用前景。     

奇异值分解对非定常约束多体系统的动力学分析

通过对约束方程的雅可比矩阵进行奇异值分解，定义组合坐标，从拉格朗日第一类方程出发，建立了非定常约束多体系统的纯微分方程，给出了动力学数值分析的过程，最后举了一个算例。     

动载荷下应力强度因子的边界元计算

用Ｎａｒｄｉｎｉ－Ｂｒｅｂｂｉａ边界元法计算了动载荷下的应力强度因子，与解析解及有限元解相比较，效果较好。最后对计算结果进行了分析讨论。     

SiH4＋CH4激光等离子体动力学时空特性

采用时间，空间分辨的等离子体光辐射诊断技术，研究了脉冲ＴＥＡＣＯ２激光诱发ＳｉＨ４＋ＣＨ４击穿产生的等离子体膨胀过程，得到不同空间位置，不同实验条件下等离子体发光的时间特性，证明了ＳｉＨ４＋ＣＨ４气体击穿产生爆燃波而后诱发激波是等离子体中基本宏观动力学过程，并在实验上分析了激波对等离体内化学反应的影响，为激光等离子体合成ＳｉＣ粉末微观反应动力学过程的研究提供了参考数据。     

动态交联热塑性弹性体增韧聚丙烯合金

用动态交联方法制备聚烯烃热塑性弹性体（ＴＰＯ）增韧聚丙烯，制备了具有低温冲击性能良好、综合力学性能比较均衡的聚丙烯合金。同时，研究了ＴＰＯ组成、工艺及基体组成与ＴＰＯ增韧聚丙烯共混物力学性能的关系。并通过差热扫描量热计和扫描电镜考察了共混物的形态结构。