A new thermomechanical model of cutting applied to turning operations. Part I. Theory

In this paper, an analytical approach is used to model the thermomechanical process of chip formation in a turning operation. In order to study the effects of the cutting edge geometry, it is important to analyse its global and local effects such as the chip flow direction, the cutting forces and the temperature distribution at the rake face. To take into account the real cutting edge geometry, the engaged part in cutting of the rounded nose is decomposed into a set of cutting edge elements. Thus each elementary chip produced by a straight cutting edge element, is obtained from an oblique cutting process. The fact that the local chip flow is imposed by the global chip movement is accounted for by considering appropriate interactions between adjacent chip elements. Consequently, a modified version of the oblique cutting model of Moufki et al. [Int. J. Mech. Sci. 42 (2000) 1205; Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact. 44 (9) (2004) 971] is developed and applied to each cutting edge element in order to obtain the cutting forces and the temperature distributions along the rake face. The material characteristics such as strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening and thermal softening, the thermomechanical coupling and the inertia effects are taken into account in the modelling. The model can be used to predict the cutting forces, the global chip flow direction, the surface contact between chip and tool and the temperature distribution at the rake face which affects strongly the tool wear. Part II of this work consists in a parametric study where the effects of cutting conditions, cutting edge geometry, and friction at the tool–chip interface are investigated. The tendencies predicted by the model are also compared qualitatively with the experimental trends founded in the literature.     

热带粗轧机组立轧变形规律研究

以铅为模拟材料，对热带粗轧机组平辊立轧变形规律进行了实验研究，分析了稳定轧制阶段表征立轧时轧件断面特征的４个参量，及非稳定轧制阶段头、尾部最大狗骨高度非稳定行为，失宽行为，鱼尾长度与立辊直径、侧压量、板坯来料厚度及宽度之间的关系，并建立了新的数学模型．     

模锻件切边凹模刃口形状探讨

通过对模锻件切边过程与定位要求的描述，对切边凹模刃口形状与模锻件飞边桥部关系的分析，并基于实践经验，指出对于非平面分模锻件和水平投影轮廓形状复杂的锻件，切边凹模刃口形状不宜完全按(热)锻件分模面轮廓制造，而应针对锻件具体结构作一些调整。     

A new thermomechanical model of cutting applied to turning operations. Part II. Parametric study

In Part I of this work, Molinari and Moufki [Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact., this issue], an analytical model of three-dimensional cutting is developed for turning processes. To analyse the influences of cutting edge geometry on the chip formation process, global effects such as the chip flow direction and the cutting forces, and local effects such as the temperature distribution and the surface contact at the rake face have been investigated. In order to accede to local parameters, the engaged part in cutting of the rounded nose is decomposed into a set of cutting edge elements. Thus each elementary chip, produced by a straight cutting edge element, is obtained from an oblique cutting process defined by the corresponding undeformed chip section and the local cutting angles. The present approach takes into account the fact that for each cutting edge element the local chip flow is imposed by the global chip movement. The material characteristics such as strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening and thermal softening, the thermomechanical coupling and the inertia effects are considered in the modelling. A detailed parametric study is provided in this paper in order to analyse the effects of cutting speed, depth of cut, feed, nose radius and cutting angles on cutting forces, global chip flow direction and temperature distribution at the rake face. The influence of friction at the tool–chip interface is also discussed.     

Subpixel accuracy for extracting groove center based on corner detection

0IntroductionWelds quality is directly affected by the location accu-racy of welding torch to groove center in vision sensor robotwelding. Therefore, it is very significant to increase theextraction accuracy of groove center. A common method isto use high resolution CCD and high speed image collectingcard, but it costs high or sometimes there are limits inuse.Subpixel detection is an effective soft method to in-crease image location accuracy[1 -2]. Compared with chan-ging hardwares , it is v…     

一种基于视频的公交客流自动统计方法

为提高公交系统智能化管理水平,提出一种公交客流自动统计方法。采用直方图统计与多帧平均的方法提取视频背景,使用背景边缘去除算法得到乘客目标边缘轮廓信息。在此基础上,根据乘客头部轮廓的类圆特性,利用基于梯度信息的Hough变换圆检测算法完成乘客头部轮廓的识别,通过基于Kalman滤波预测的CamShift目标跟踪算法实现乘客的检测与计数。实验结果表明,该方法能有效消除背景图像中的噪声以及背景边缘,准确识别乘客目标并对其跟踪计数,从而提高城市公共交通运输效率。     

基于视觉的刀具参数高精度测量

为满足现代制造业对刀具几何参数快速、高精度的测量要求,用高速CCD摄像机、远心镜头及可调的LED光源搭建刀具图像的采集系统,且在VS2010平台上用简单高效的C#语言开发基于机器视觉的具有可视化快速调焦功能的刀具几何测量系统。采用亚像素边缘提取法精准定位刀具边缘,设计一个快速调焦提示法。实验结果表明,该测量系统重复测量精度不超过2μm,速度快,鲁棒性好,极大提高了需要预知刀具参数来控制刀具运动轨迹的数控机床和加工中心的工作效率和加工质量。     

基于图像处理的汽车安全气囊外形边缘检测装置研究

针对使用千分表检测汽车安全气囊外形边缘检测点数有限、检测速度慢、同一夹具检测品种单一的缺点,研究了一种基于图像处理的气囊外形边缘检测方法。经过图像采集、处理及与模板对比,给出检测结果。检测装置硬件由计算机、CCD相机、经图像采集器、环形灯及检测台架组成。检测装置软件由两部分组成,图像处理软件采用VC语言编程实现,人机接口显示用VB语言实现。实验结果表明该检测方法可行有效。该方法丰富了检测信息,提高了检测速度。通过软件更换模板,可实现不同种类气囊边缘检测。     

红外运动模糊图像参数估计方法

在船舶上拍摄红外传感图像的过程中由于船舶的摇晃而导致的运动模糊,会降低图像的质量.根据运动模糊图像的特性,分析了运动模糊图像的退化模型与特性.首先对倒频谱进行了二值化,并运用Radon变换确定了点扩散函数的模糊角度,然后使用模糊尺度迭代与维纳滤波得到复原图像,再对其进行边缘检测,通过计算累计边缘数确定了模糊尺度.最后对不同模糊程度的图像计算参数并复原,实验结果表明了算法的有效性.     

基于自适应特征融合的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法

提出了一种基于自适应特征融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法,用于解决传统的粒子滤波跟踪方法在复杂背景下容易跟踪失败的问题。该算法选取颜色特征和边缘特征来描述目标,并通过粒子滤波进行特征融合,根据可靠性因子调整各特征的权值系数;在跟踪过程中,随着目标自身形变,自适应更新目标模板。实验结果表明,在复杂背景下以及受到遮挡时,本算法能够准确稳健地跟踪目标。