基于Gabor多尺度空间的不变兴趣点检测

针对以往仿射不变兴趣点的特征尺度不能直接断定的问题, 提出一种基于Gabor多尺度空间的不变兴趣点检测算法。该算法主要包括三个步骤：应用Gabor滤波器组与图像卷积建立图像Gabor多尺度空间; 通过极大值准则检测兴趣点并直接断定特征尺度; 采用二阶矩矩阵描述兴趣点局部结构。实验结果表明, 相比较其他Hessian-Affine、MSER等算法, 该算法在图像模糊和JPEG压缩情况下可重复率和可匹配率均取得最好结果, 是一种能有效直接提取特征尺度的兴趣点检测算法。     

In situ visualization of drop deformation,erosion, and breakup in high viscosity ratio polymeric systems under high shearing stress conditions

In this paper, deformation and breakup under simple shear of single molten polymer drops in a polymer matrix were investigated. Flow visualization was carried out in a Couette‐Flow apparatus under relatively high shear rates and temperatures up to 230°C. Drop/Matrix combinations were composed of polystyrene drops of 0.5–0.6 mm in diameter in polyethylene matrix, and ethylene–propylene copolymer drops of approximately the same size in polypropylene matrix. The deformation and breakup processes were studied under steady state and time‐dependent shearing conditions. Either for steady state or time‐dependant shearing conditions, drop elasticity generated at relatively high shear rates helped the drops to align perpendicular to the flow direction, i.e., parallel to vorticity axis. Also, the most striking non‐Newtonian effects for the high viscosity ratio systems were the surface erosion and the drop splitting mechanisms. The particles eroded off the main droplet surface were very fine, in the range of 10–50 μm, and led to a significant reduction in main drop size before its final breakup. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2582–2591, 2006     

基于GM（1，1）和线性回归模型在印刷包衬压缩变形中的数据预测研究

运用线性回归对预测数据进行分析,剔除异常数据,用GM（1,1）模型进行预测,有效降低了数据相对误差,提高了预测数据的精度。选用印刷包衬压缩变形的压缩变形量值,用线性回归进行数据分析并剔除异常数据后用GM（1,1）进行预测,使得预测数据具有更高的准确性和适应性。实验及仿真结果表明,经过前期数据分析整理后的灰色预测模型,其预测期望值远优于单纯的回归模型和GM（1,1）模型。     

Brillouin-Scattering Study of the Elastic Constants of ErVO4

The room-temperature elastic constants of ErVO₄ were considerably smaller than those of isostructural silicate and phosphate analogs. The generally "less-rigid" crystalline lattice and weaker metal-oxygen bond-strength in the RVO₄ (R = rare earth elements) phases indicates that these materials are of interest for potential applications as an interphase component in toughened oxide ceramic composites.     

基于重标极差法和神经网络的隧道变形趋势判断

为准确、科学及全面地对隧道变形进行趋势判断和预测分析,将隧道的变形过程划分为中期阶段和长期阶段,利用R/S分析对其位移序列和速率序列进行趋势判断研究,再利用PSO-BP神经网络对各阶段的变形进行预测,将预测结果与R/S分析结果进行对比,验证两者的一致性。利用两个工程实例进行检验,得出各序列的Hurst指数均大于0.5,说明各序列均具有持续变形的长期性,且位移序列的趋势性均大于速率序列的趋势性;同时,变形预测结果也显示隧道后期变形将持续增加,验证了R/S分析的准确性。     

地铁深基坑分区开挖监测及数值模拟

对于狭长的地铁车站深基坑,围护结构区域内岩土体在实际施工时经常采用分区的方式进行开挖。为了分析分区开挖工况下深基坑的稳定性规律,选取合肥市某地铁车站深基坑作为研究对象,运用有限差分软件对实际工程进行数值模拟。比较模型计算结果与现场实测结果,得到了基坑分区开挖过程中围护结构侧向位移、横向支撑轴力,以及地表沉降的变化规律。研究结果表明:现场实测结果与数值模拟结果较为接近且均小于规范限值,数值模型能较好地反映基坑变形特性;随着开挖的进行,围护结构变形出现明显的"鼓肚"状,最大侧向位移点向基坑中段移动;支撑轴力前期发展较快,之后趋于平稳;邻近地表沉降呈现为凹槽状,基坑开挖影响范围约在40 m内。研究结果可为其他类似工程设计或施工决策提供参考。     

陶瓷坯体增强剂聚丙烯酸钠在艺术瓷成形过程的应用

本文合成了一系列不同相对分子质量的聚丙烯酸钠,应用于艺术瓷的坯体中,研究了聚丙烯酸钠对艺术瓷坯体强度、变形率的影响,并对聚丙烯酸钠增强机理进行了探讨。结果表明:聚丙烯酸钠可有效地提高艺术瓷坯体的成形强度,减少了坯体的变形率,当增强剂c加入的质量分数为0.6%时,坯体的干燥强度增加率达167.5%,坯体的变形率从50%降低到10%。     

金安金沙江悬索桥隧道式锚碇变形破坏机制研究

隧道式锚碇的变形破坏机制涉及到结构与围岩的协同作用问题。以华丽高速公路金安金沙江悬索桥两岸隧道锚变形破坏机制为研究对象,利用工程类比法评价了其稳定性控制要素,设计了超载数值试验。根据塑性区的扩展过程确定了施工安全监测和需要采取预加固的重点部位,确定了隧道锚围岩的破坏模式。根据锚面监测点位移由mm到cm量级突变确定的两岸锚岩系统极限荷载均为6~8倍设计缆力,则锚岩系统的设计承载力取3倍设计缆力下变形安全是有保障的。丽江岸塑性区在10 P下贯通;华坪岸塑性区在14 P下贯通。设计缆力作用下,丽江岸锚碇最大位移1.5 mm、围岩1.2 mm、地表0.5 mm;华坪岸锚碇最大位移1.7 mm、围岩1.5 mm、地表0.7 mm,其响应顺序为后锚面监测点前锚面监测点锚碇中间岩体地表点,可作为后期结构及围岩安全监测布点和预警的参考,也证明当前设计缆力下变形和强度均是安全的。     

等强条件下橡胶微粒混凝土抗压特性及弹性模量研究

掺加橡胶微粒可以明显改善混凝土的力学特性。采用橡胶微粒等体积取代细骨料的方法,通过不断调整配合比,反复试验配制出橡胶微粒体积掺量分别为0%、10%和15%的等强度(30 MPa)橡胶微粒混凝土,探讨橡胶微粒混凝土的抗压强度变化规律,以及在等强条件下不同橡胶微粒掺量对混凝土弹性模量的影响。结果表明:掺入橡胶后,混凝土的前期强度(3 d和7 d)发展较基准混凝土变缓,7 d以及14 d后强度出现较大幅度的增长,28 d后各个配比混凝土立方体抗压强度增幅不大;掺入一定量的橡胶后,混凝土的抗裂性能得到了一定程度的改善,橡胶微粒体积掺量越大,试件受压破坏后的完整性越好;掺入橡胶后,混凝土的弹性模量呈现出近乎线性的大幅下降趋势。     

Intrinsic Elastic, Dielectric, and Piezoelectric Losses in Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics Determined by an Immittance-Fitting Method

The material coefficients of "soft" and "hard" lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were determined as complex values by the nonlinear least-squares-fitting of immittance data measured for length-extensional bar resonators. The piezoelectric d -constant should be a complex value to obtain a best fitting between observed and calculated results. Because the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric losses determined in this process were not "intrinsic" losses, a calculation process to evaluate the "intrinsic" losses was proposed. It was confirmed that the intrinsic losses were smaller than the corresponding extrinsic losses. The intrinsic piezoelectric loss existed in both soft and hard PZTs; ∼50% of the loss of piezoelectric d -constant was derived from the elastic and dielectric losses. The most notable difference between the soft and hard PZTs was observed in their elastic losses.