Plastic Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Zircaloy-2 Fuel Cladding Tubes under Biaxial Stress

Various combinations of biaxial stress were applied on five batches of recrystallized zircaloy-2 fuel cladding tubes with different textures; elongation in both axial and circumferential directions of the specimen was measured continuously up to 5% plastic deformation.

The anisotropic theory of plasticity proposed by Hill was applied to the resulting data, and anisotropy constants were obtained through the two media of plastic strain loci and plastic strain ratios. Comparison of the results obtained with the two methods proved that the plastic strain loci provide data that are more effective in predicting quantitatively the plastic deformation behavior of the zircaloy-2 tubes. The anisotropy constants change their value with progress of plastic deformation, and judicious application of the effective stress and effective strain obtained on anisotropic materials will permit the relationship between stress and strain under various biaxialities of stresses to be approximated by the work hardening law.

The test specimens used in the plastic deformation experiments were then stressed to fracture under the same combination of biaxial stress as in the proceeding experiments, and the deformation in the fractured part was measured. The result proved that the tilt angle of the c-axis which serves as the index of texture is related to fracture ductility under biaxial stress. Based on this relationship, it was concluded that material with a tilt angle ranging from 10° to 15° is the most suitable for fuel cladding tubes, from the viewpoint of fracture ductility, at least in the case of unirradiated material.     

含火烧煤层露天矿边坡变形破裂过程FEPG模拟研究

露天矿开采过程中边坡变形破裂过程一直是岩土工程领域研究的难点,尤其考虑含火烧煤层露天矿开采过程中的边坡稳定使得研究问题更加复杂。采用FEPG数值模拟的研究方法,对露天矿某边坡KT3剖面进行了破裂过程分析,得到了含火烧煤层露天矿边坡变形破裂规律,研究结果表明,边坡火烧砂岩的顶部首先出现拉张裂缝,边坡以压剪破坏为主,压剪破坏又促使拉张破坏,二者相互影响,最终导致边坡发生失稳破坏。     

精密铜管性能稳定性探究

内螺纹铜管质量的不稳定性使空调生产厂家在铜管的弯管过程中,出现各种不同的缺陷,针对影响精密内螺纹铜管性能稳定性的因素,以某企业生产实践的方法进行了初步研究,研究表明,铜管生产过程中的表面质量、机械性能均匀性及尺寸精度是影响铜管性能稳定性的主要因素。文中主要从这三方面进行了分析并提出了有效控制措施。     

Influence of blade deformation and yawed inflow on performance of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine

For a better design of tidal stream turbines operated in off-design conditions, analyses considering the effects of blade deformation and yawed inflow conditions are necessary. The flow load causes deformation of the blade, and the deformation affects the turbine performance in return. Also, a yawed inflow influences the performance of the turbine. As a validation study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out to predict the performance of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine (HATST) with rigid blades. The numerical uncertainty for the turbine performance with blade deformation and a yawed inflow was evaluated using the concept of the grid convergence index (GCI). A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was carried out to estimate the performance of a turbine with flexible composite blades, with the results then compared to those of an analysis with rigid blades. The influence of yawed inflow conditions on the turbine performance was investigated and found to be important in relation to power predictions in the design stages.     

金属弹片级进模设计

根据金属弹片的结构特点和生产要求,分析了金属弹片的冲压成形工艺,制定了适合金属弹片生产的冲压工艺方案并设计了级进模,经实际生产验证,金属弹片成形工艺方案及级进模是有效而可靠的,对类似零件的生产具有一定的参考作用。     

Ductility of polylactide composites reinforced with poly(butylene succinate) nanofibers

Sustainable “green nanocomposites” of polylactide (PLA) and poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (PBS) were obtained by slit die extrusion at low temperature. Dispersed PBS inclusions were sheared and longitudinally deformed with simultaneous cooling in a slot capillary and PBS nanofibers were formed. Shearing of PBS increases nonisothermal crystallization temperature by 30 °C. Tensile deformation was investigated by in-situ experiments in SEM chamber. Dominant deformation mechanism of PLA is crazing, however, there are dormant shear bands formed during slit die extrusion. Pre-existing shear bands are inactive in tensile deformation but contribute to ductility by blocking, initiating and diffusing typical craze growth. PBS nanofibers are spanning PLA craze surfaces and bridging craze gaps when PLA nanofibrils broke at large strain. Straight crazes become undulated because either dormant or new shear bands become activated between crazes. Due to interaction of crazes and shear bands the ductility increases while high strength and stiffness are retained.     

Influence of zirconium content on microstructure and creep properties of Mo–9Si–8B alloys

Mo–Si–B alloys with a molybdenum solid solution accompanied by two intermetallic phases and Mo₅SiB₂ are a prominent example for a potential new high temperature structural material. In this study the influence of 1, 2 and 4 at.% zirconium on microstructure and creep properties of Mo–9Si–8B (at.%) alloys produced by spark plasma sintering is investigated. Creep experiments have been carried out at temperatures of 1100 °C up to 1250 °C in vacuum. The samples exhibit sub-micron grain sizes as small as 450 nm due to the chosen production route. With addition of 1 at.% zirconium, formation of SiO₂ on the grain boundaries can be prevented, thereby enhancing grain boundary strength and creep properties significantly. Moreover ZrO₂ particles also enhance creep resistance of the molybdenum solid solution. Creep deformation is a combination of dislocation creep in the grains including dislocation-particle interaction and grain boundary sliding leading to intergranular fracture surfaces. It is promising to use grain size adjustments in order to balance the creep and oxidation resistance of the investigated material.     

Reconditioning rotor components of gas turbine engines produced from titanium alloys by welding using modified submicrocrystalline filler materials

Experimental results show that the application of standard methods of reconditioning components of titanium alloys reduces the mechanical properties of welded joints by up to 30%. The main reasons for this are structural changes and weld defects. The modified (La, Y and B) filler materials were developed from titanium alloys with a submicrocrystalline structure. These materials produce the equiaxed and ductile structures in welded joints in titanium alloys so that the mechanical properties of the welded joints equal 0.9 of the properties of the parent metal. Consequently, the range of repairs of rotors of gas turbine engines can be greatly widened.     

Mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling using inherent deformation method

Due to the increasing use of thin plates in lightweight welded structure, welding induced buckling may occur in such thin plate welded structure. In this study, welding induced buckling of thin plate welded structure is investigated using the eigenvalue analysis and elastic Finite Element (FE) analysis based on inherent deformation theory, and the mechanism of welding induced buckling is clarified.Bead-on-plate welding is first examined. Measured out-of-plane welding distortion indicates that saddle type buckling is produced after cooling. Eigenvalue analysis shows the computed lowest buckling mode is the saddle type and the corresponding critical force is less than the applied tendon force evaluated by Thermal–Elastic–Plastic (TEP) Finite Element (FE) analysis beforehand. Using elastic Finite Element (FE) analysis in which all components of inherent deformation are used and also considering initial deflection, out-of-plane welding distortion is predicted with high accuracy compared with measurement. It is also concluded that tendon force (longitudinal inherent shrinkage) is the dominant reason of buckling and it determines the buckling mode, and initial deflection and inherent bending are considered to be disturbances which trigger buckling.Later, a thin plate stiffened welded structure with fillet welded joints is examined. Although welding did not induce buckling of plate fields in bending modes in the considered thin plate stiffened welded structure, the whole stiffened welded structure buckles in a twisting mode, while plate panels remain unbuckled. Eigenvalue analysis gives the twisting buckling mode as the lowest buckling mode. However, in stiffened welded structures, not only tendon force (longitudinal inherent shrinkage) but also transverse inherent shrinkage is responsible for buckling. The good agreement between computed and measured out-of-plane welding distortion shows that the elastic Finite Element (FE) analysis using inherent deformation theory is an advantage of the computational approach to predict welding distortion in large-scale and complex welded structure with enough computational accuracy.     

Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of as-forged Ti-44Al-8Nb-(W,B, Y) alloy with nearly lamellar microstructure

The hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of as-forged Ti-44Al-8Nb-(W, B, Y) alloy with nearly lamellar structure were investigated by means of uniaxial hot compression. Its stress exponent and activation energy are 3.81 and 494 KJ/mol, respectively. The efficiencies of power dissipation and instability parameters are evaluated, and processing maps at strains of 0.12, 0.25, and 0.5 are developed. It is demonstrated that the microstructural evolution is dependent on the temperature and strain rate. Moreover, the recovery and recrystallization of γ phases as well as the spheroidization of α phases play important roles in refining the microstructure. Reasonable parameters for secondary hot working are above 1150 °C with a strain rate of less than 0.25 s⁻¹ at a strain of 0.5. Additionally, the hot working window can be expanded to the region with lower temperature and higher strain rate at a strain of 0.12. Finally, crack-free TiAl sheets were successfully prepared by hot pack rolling. The as-rolled alloy is characterized by duplex microstructure with a mean grain size of 10 μm, exhibiting a failure strength of 1021 MPa with 0.78% ductility at room temperature. At 800 °C, the failure strength remains high: above 650 MPa.