聚氨酯弹性体电致伸缩性能研究

以聚(己二酸-丁二醇-新戊二醇)酯二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷为原料,经聚合得到了一系列聚氨酯弹性体。利用LCR阻抗分析仪研究了所得聚氨酯弹性体的介电性能。在1kHz频率下聚氨酯弹性体的相对介电常数为7左右,相对介电常数随测试频率的增加而降低。采用数字散斑相关测量方法研究了聚氨酯弹性体在电场诱导下的应变─电致伸缩响应之间的关系。结果表明,聚氨酯弹性体在外加高压电场的作用下,随着高压电源的开合,其应变也随之呈现出相应的收缩与回复,其电致伸缩系数随聚氨酯弹性体密度的增加及相对介电常数的减小而降低。     

聚氨酯浇注弹性体的合成研究

采用2种不同的预聚体合成方法制备聚氨酯浇注弹性体,并对其性能进行了测试。结果表明,分步加入扩链剂乙二醇的预聚体合成工艺所得浇注聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度比一次性加入乙二醇的预聚体合成工艺所得浇注聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度提高了70%左右,而伸长率变化不大。同时研究了这2种制备工艺对材料动态力学性能的影响。并探讨了不同R值及配方中交联剂用量对聚氨酯浇注弹性体力学性能的影响。     

影响聚氨酯弹性体紫外线稳定性的因素

介绍了聚氨酯弹性体在紫外线照射下发生光老化的反应机理及其软段、硬段种类和结构对弹性体紫外线稳定性的影响,探讨了光稳定剂、光屏蔽剂对弹性体耐紫外线稳定性的影响。     

基于有限元分析的大量程力传感器设计改进

采用有限元法对现有的80t大量程力传感器进行分析,并根据电桥原理获得满量程的输出电压值,从而指出其精度较低的原因,并重新确定了贴片方式;通过试验对改进的结果进行了验证,结果表明,通过有限元法对传感器贴片方式的改进取得了明显的效果。     

Improved compatibility of PET/HDPE blend by using GMA grafted thermoplastic elastomer

ABSTRACT

Herein, graft-modified ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE-g-GMA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS-g-GMA) were found to be excellent reactive compatibilizers for immiscible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends via in-situ reaction compatibilization. With increase in compatibilizer amount, uniform phase morphology was observed in all the blends. Thus, exhibiting enhanced mechanical properties, especially, the notched Izod impact strength. In comparison with SBS-g-GMA, compatibilizer POE-g-GMA demonstrated greater impact on the compatibility. The addition of 15% POE-g-GMA produced blends with best mechanical properties. Besides, both POE-g-GMA and SBS-g-GMA enhanced the melt viscosity of PET/HDPE blends.     

Electro-thermal and -mechanical model of thermal breakdown in multilayered dielectric elastomers

Multiple breakdown phenomena may take place when operating dielectric elastomers. Thermal breakdown, which occurs due to Joule heating, becomes of special importance when using multilayered stacks of dielectric elastomers, due to the large volume-to-surface-area-ratio. In this article, a 2D axisymmetric finite-element model of a multilayered stack of dielectric elastomers is set up in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Both the electro-thermal and electro-mechanical couplings are considered, allowing for determination of the onset of thermal breakdown. Simulation results show that an entrapped particle in the dielectric elastomer drastically reduces the possible number of layers in the stack. Furthermore, the possible number of layers is greatly affected by the ambient temperature and the applied voltage. The performance of three hyperelastic material models for modeling the elastomer deformation are compared, and it is established that the Gent model yields the most restrictive prediction of breakdown point, while the Ogden model yields the least restrictive estimation.     

Effect of temperature on the performance of laterally constrained dielectric elastomer actuators with failure modes

This article analytically investigates the temperature influence on the performance of laterally constrained dielectric elastomer actuators. The effects of both temperature and stretches on the permittivity are taken into consideration. The governing equations of state are established by modeling the actuator as a thermodynamic system of three degrees of freedom. Various failure modes, including electromechanical instability, electric breakdown, loss of tension, and tensile rupture are considered to restrict the operation state and to determine the region of allowable state. Numerical calculations are performed to depict the variations of some important physical quantities with generalized coordinates and to gain insight on the influence of temperature on the critical curves of failures. It is shown that the temperature has obvious effects on the operation state and the allowable region. The present results can be used for designing and optimizing an actuator, and the present approach can be extended to other kinds of dielectric elastomer actuators with complex geometries.     

隔膜滤板膜片用改性聚丙烯的制备

研究了聚丙烯品种、弹性体和生产工艺对改性聚丙烯微观结构、力学性能的影响,开发了3种具有不同性能特点的隔膜滤板膜片用改性聚丙烯。结果表明:产品具有优异的拉伸强度、断裂拉伸应变和耐温性能;成型的膜片经过高压充水多次开合不发生破裂,满足隔膜式压滤机的使用要求。     

聚烯烃弹性体增韧共聚聚丙烯的研究

采用拉力试验机、差示扫描量热仪及扫描电子显微镜等仪器,对比分析了不同种类聚烯烃弹性体(POE)产品对共聚聚丙烯(PP)的增韧效果。结果表明:POE的添加对PP具有明显的增韧效果,且随着其添加量的增加,增韧效果越加显著;自制的中试产品的增韧效果达到进口产品Engage 8540水平。     

介电弹性体致动器及其应变响应研究

用介电弹性体制作的致动器,具有变形量大、能驱动较大的负载、可塑性很好的特点.给出了一种使用介电弹性体制作基本致动器的方法,对电极、预应变等对该方法制作的致动器的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明,电极的柔软度必须与材料的性质匹配.太硬的电极会使应变变小,而太柔的电极会使薄膜易于击穿.预应变虽减弱了单位电压下的变形量,但却能提高致动器的最大应变量.