锂离子电池负极材料 Na2Li2Ti6O14的嵌脱锂过程动力学研究

为了研究钛酸钠锂(Na2Li2Ti6O14)负极材料嵌脱锂的动力学行为,用溶胶-凝胶法合成 Na2Li2Ti6O14负极材料,采用 X 射线衍射法(XRD)和电子显微镜(SEM)分别对材料进行物相分析和微观形貌的观察.采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流间歇滴定法(GITT)研究了 Na2Li2Ti6O14的电化学性能和嵌脱锂过程动力学.研究结果表明,制备的 Na2Li2Ti6O14材料纯度高,结晶度良好,循环稳定性好;由不同扫描速率的循环伏安法测出的 Na2Li2Ti6O14中锂离子在氧化、还原峰对应的化学扩散系数 Da和 Dc分别为7.3×10-11和7.8×10-11cm2/s;由恒电流间歇滴定技术测得的锂离子在 Na2Li2Ti6O14电极中的扩散系数为10-11~10-8cm2/s.     

Improving corrosion resistance of Q235 steel by Ni-Cr alloyed layer

Ni-Cr alloyed layer was formed on surface of Q235 steel by double glow plasma surface metallurgy to improve the corrosion resistance of substrate. The composition and microstructure of alloyed layer was analyzed by SEM and XRD. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the alloyed layer. The results showed working pressure had a great effect on structure of Ni-Cr alloyed layer, and the dense and smooth alloyed layer was prepared at 50 Pa working pressure. Compared with substrate, Ni-Cr alloyed layer exhibited higher corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density and larger charge transfer resistance, which indicated that Ni-Cr alloyed layer significantly modified the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel.     

Influence of nitrogen hetero-substitution on the electrochemical performance of coal-based activated carbons measured in non-aqueous electrolyte

Nitrogen-containing carbons were prepared by modification of activated carbons. The modified carbons were used as electrode materials with improved electrochemical performance. Precursor anthracite was activated by KOH (KOH: anthracite= 1:1), modified by melamine or urea and then treated at 1173 K to obtain the modified carbons. The porous structure, the chemical composition and the electrochemical characteristics of the carbons were investigated by nitrogen sorption, XPS and electrochemical methods respectively. Electrochemical experiments were performed in an organic electrolytic solution of 1 M (C2H5)4NBF4/PC.The samples modified by the different methods showed differences in chemical composition that introduced varying degrees of electrochemical performance enhancement. The presence of nitrogen enhanced the electron donor properties and the surface wettability of the activated carbons: this ensured a sufficient utilization of the exposed surface for charge storage.     

Electrochemical behavior of K3Fe（CN）6 in water-in-oil microemulsion

A water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion composed of Triton X-100, n-hexanol, n-hexane and water solution with hydrochloric acid was prepared. K₃Fe(CN)₆ was added in as a water-soluble electroactive probe, and its electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the H⁺ concentration of the water phase has a great effect on the conductivity of the W/O microemulsion, and hence influences the electrochemical behavior of K₃Fe(CN)₆. When the pH value of water phase is about 7, the electrical conductivity of the W/O microemulsion is only 1.2×10⁻⁶ S/cm, and K₃Fe(CN)₆ almost cannot react at the glassy carbon electrode. But when the H⁺ concentration is more than 3 mol/L, the W/O microemulsion has a good electrical conductivity and K₃Fe(CN)₆ shows good electrochemical performance in it. The results of CV and EIS studies indicate that the electrochemical behavior of Fe(CN)₆ ³⁻/Fe(CN)₆ ⁴⁻ in the W/O microemulsion is different from that in the aqueous solution. This may be due to the unique liquid structure of the W/O microemulsion and the unique mass transfer in the W/O microemulsion. Foundation item: Projects(20673036, J0830415) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Projects(05JT1026, 2007JT2013) supported by the Science Technology Project of Hunan Province, China     

阻锈剂对混凝土钢筋氯盐腐蚀行为的影响

过去对混凝土腐蚀的研究,其腐蚀液与实际的混凝土孔溶液有较大的差异。采用水泥提取液模拟混凝土孔溶液,通过自腐蚀电位、动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了Ca（NO2）：及商用阻锈剂NNMI和NNRI对混凝土中钢筋氯盐腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明：3种阻锈剂均能有效降低钢筋受cl-腐蚀的风险,减小腐蚀速率,并能不同程度地提高钢筋腐蚀的临界cl-浓度;Ca（NO2）2为阳极型阻锈剂,当[NO2]／[C1-]为0．62～1．47时,阻锈效果最好,高达98．2％,NNMI和NNRI为以抑制阴极反应为主的综合型阻锈剂,在推荐掺量下,当环境中Cl-浓度为0．03mol／L左右时,阻锈效率分别可达到85．0％和87．1     

中间相沥青基活性炭微球/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用原位聚合法,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,在比表面积为2945cm2/g的中间相沥青基活性炭微球（AMCMB）表面引发苯胺聚合,制备中间相沥青基活性炭微球/聚苯胺复合材料（AMCMB/PANI）。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换-红外光谱分析,考察其微观结构和表面形貌;通过恒流充放电、循环伏安及交流阻抗测试,研究其在6mol/LKOH溶液中的电化学性能。在电流密度为0.02A/g时,AMCMB/PANI电极的比容量为387.72F/g,与AMCMB电极的比容量相比,提高了57.46%,说明少量聚苯胺的加入可以显著地提高电极材料的比容量;当电流密度增大1000倍时,AMCMB/PANI电极的比容量为157.68F/g,表现出好的大电流充放电能力。     

Experimental and theoretical studies of anti-ulcer drugs with benzimidazole rings as corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1 M nitric acid medium

The adsorption effect of esomeprazole (ESP) and lansoprazole (LP) on corrosion behavior of copper in 1 M HNO₃ solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. The experimental results indicate that both ESP and LP inhibited the corrosion of copper in nitric acid solution and the inhibition efficiency increased as the concentration of the compounds increased. EIS measurements confirmed that the charge transfer resistance increases on increasing the inhibitor concentration. Polarization measurements showed that the inhibitors are of mixed type. From the weight loss measurements, the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitors was found to vary with concentration, immersion time, and temperature. The adsorption of inhibitors on the copper surface follows Langmuir isotherm. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Further, the computational calculations are performed to find a relation between their electronic and structural properties.     

电化学降解废水中酚的研究

在氯盐电解质中用电化学方法处理含酚废水,研究了盐的种类、浓度、温度、电流密度、苯酚初始浓度、阴阳极转换频率分别对苯酚去除率、ClO^-浓度及其电流效率的影响当Na2SO4的浓度为0．2mol／L、NaCl的浓度为0．1mol／L、苯酚初始浓度为200mg／L、电流密度为0．04A／cm^2、温度为35℃、pH=12．5、阴阳极转换频率5min／次及反应时间200min的条件下,苯酚的去除率为100％,COD去除率为5％。     

Preparation and mechanism of active Mo–Mn metallization on ZTA particles surface and interfacial bonding of reinforced iron matrix composite

ZrO₂ toughened Al₂O₃ particles (ZTAp) have poor wettability with iron, and therefore some defects are easily formed at the interface between ZTAp and iron matrix, which may lead to material failure. This paper illustrates that the ZTAp were modified on the surface by the active Mo–Mn metallization, and thus, they were used as the reinforcing phases to prepare the iron-matrix composite (ZTAp/Fe composite). It is concluded that the sponge-like skeleton structure was formed on the surface of ZTAp after the metallization. The interface of ZTAp/Fe composite, which has been proved to have bearing and transitional capacity by scratch test, was formed by chemical bonding with elemental diffusion, besides mechanical bonding. The metallization mechanism of elemental diffusion can be explained by the migration of glass phase, and the elements diffusion between the interface and iron matrix is to form solid solution.     

Combined adsorption and electrochemical processes for the treatment of acidic aqueous phenol wastes

This paper describes a combined adsorption/electrochemical reaction device for the treatment of acidic aqueous phenol wastes. The system works in batch mode. In each operation cycle there are two stages: (i) treatment of waste, in which the organic matter contained in the waste is removed from the aqueous solution and (ii) activated carbon regeneration, in which adsorbed organics are removed from the system and converted into carbon dioxide. The system leads to successful treatment of these wastes and transforms the organics contained in the waste into carbon dioxide and electrocoagulated solids. The granular activated carbon (GAC) bed of the system achieves rapid removal of the organics, with treatment time shorter than those reported for conventional electrochemical treatments. The regeneration of the GAC is achieved by electrochemical means and efficiencies close to 80% are obtained. The energy consumption of this system is similar to those reported for other electrochemical technologies used to treat aqueous wastes.