×Synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation in preparation of poly（vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation

A systematic study of air gap distance effects on the structure and properties of poly（vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） has been carried out. The results show that the hollow fiber membrane prepared at air gap zero has no skin layer; the pore size near the outer surface is larger than that near the inner surface; and the special pore channel-like structure near the outer surface is formed, which is quite different with the typical sponge-like structure caused by TIPS and the finger-like structure caused by non-solvent induced phase separation （NIPS）, because of the synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation at air gap zero. The pore size gradually decreases from outer surface layer to the intermediate layer, but increases gradually from intermediate layer to the inner surface layer. With the increase of air gap distance, the pore size near the outer surface gets smaller and a dense skin layer is formed, and the pore size gradually increases from the outer surface layer to the inner surface layer. Water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane decreases with air gap distance, the water permeability decreases sharply from 45.50× 10^-7 to 4.52× 10^-7 m^3/（m^2-s.kPa） as air gap increases from 0 to 10 mm at take-up speed of 0.236 m/s, further decreases from 4.52×10^-7 to 1.00×10 ^-8m^3/（m^2.s·kPa） as the air gap increases from 10 to 40 mm. Both the breaking strength and the elongation increase with the increase of air gap distance. The breaking strength increases from 2.25 MPa to 4.19 MPa and the elongation increases from 33.9% to 132.6% as air gap increases from 0 mm to 40 mm at take-up speed 0.236 m/s.     

Effects of coagulation bath temperature on structure and performance of poly （vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.     

基于电磁层析成像技术的接地网导体异常检测

接地网是维护系统安全、保障运行人员及设备安全的重要环节,对其异常状态的有效检测直接关系到电力系统的安全稳定运行.文中研究了基于电磁层析成像(Electromagnetic Tomography,EMT)技术的接地网导体异常状态检测方法,应用改进Landweber迭代算法基于EMT技术测试系统的感应电压测量结果获取了接地网导体的重建图像,定义了图像相关系数对接地网导体的异常状态进行检测.对某35 kV接地网正常与腐蚀、断裂等典型故障下的分析结果表明,将EMT计算引入接地网导体的异常检测具有一定的可行性,且具有非接触、对接地网导体状态变化敏感等优势,所定义的图像相关系数指标能有效识别接地网导体的异常状态.研究结果可为接地网运行状态的准确评估提供重要依据.     

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织的影响

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢有着复杂的显微组织，主要由多边形铁素体（F）＋无碳贝氏体（B）＋残留奥氏体（AR）组成。本试验采用了彩色金相法，并结合X－ray衍射、SEM和TEM等手段研究了低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢显微组织与工艺的关系，发现随着两相区退火温度的升高，最终显微组织中铁素体基体体积分数变小，并且贝氏体量增多，残留奥氏体的稳定性呈起伏式变化；在贝氏体转变区的等温温度过高或过低，均使最终显微组织中残留奥氏体体积分数减少；在贝氏体转变区等温时，所形成贝氏体表现出粒状的特征。     

高铬铸铁变温马氏体相变与摩擦诱发马氏体相变关系的研究

对三种含Mn、Si、Mo亚共晶高铬铸铁的变温马氏体相变进行了DSC分析,并对表层的摩擦诱发马氏体做了X射线衍射分析。结果表明,变温马氏体相变前期,马氏体形核、长大阻力较大。在M_s温度相近的情况下,变温马氏体相变形核、长大速率快的,其摩擦诱发马氏体量也多。     

60Mn环件断裂分析

60Mn环件在装配150h后发生崩裂.利用断口分析、化学成分分析、显微组织检验以及有限元计算对断裂件进行了分析.结果表明,环件中存在白点,白点在装配应力和内部氢压的作用下发生滞后扩展,当白点裂纹扩展到临界尺寸时,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子超过零件材料的断裂韧度,从而发生崩裂.     

管线钢在硫化氢水溶液中的台阶状氢致开裂分析

对管线钢室温分别在H2S NACE溶液和H2S 人工海水溶液中的氢致开裂进行了研究。管线钢在NACE试验介质中发生了氢致开裂(HIC)，沿夹杂物／基体界面及轧制方向的(珠光体 铁素体)带状组织导致了台阶状裂纹；而其在人工海水中则对HIC不敏感。为了提高管线钢的抗氢致开裂性能，应控制带状组织形态和级别。     

形变诱导法半固态加热工艺参数对LY12合金组织和晶粒尺寸的影响

对LY12合金采用形变诱导法制备半固态合金料坯的组织演变过程进行了观察，对变形率、半固态温度、半固态保温时间对合金半固组织和晶粒尺寸的影响进行了研究。组织演变过程观察表明：用形变诱导法制备该合金半固态坯料的合适的半固态重熔温度为618℃；合金在该温度重熔过程中，形变带状组织首先分解为细小的a多边形晶粒，随保温时间的延长，晶粒尺寸逐渐变大，同时a相逐渐球化；在相同的半固态温度和相同的保温时间下，宏观变形率大的晶粒尺寸要比变形率小的合金组织晶粒尺寸小；变形率大的试样比变形率小的液相出现时间早；在同一宏观变形率下，试校内部微观形变大的部位晶粒尺寸要比形变小的部位晶粒尺寸小。     

2.25Cr1MoNb钢应变诱导相变的热模拟研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟实验机上进行单道次压缩实验,通过改变压下量、变形温度和应变速率研究应变诱导相变的规律。结果表明,铁素体随变形量的增大而增加,铁素体晶粒尺寸随变形量的增加而减小;在Ar3以下,应变诱导相变随变形温度的降低而增大,铁素体晶粒尺寸随变形温度的降低而减小;铁素体随应变速率的升高而减少,晶粒尺寸随应变速率的升高而变小。     

一类多时滞状态网络控制系统的稳定性分析

由于多个传感器和执行器节点同时竞争有限的网络资源,导致了网络控制系统具有多个时变时延状态的特性,进而使网络控制系统的分析和设计变得非常困难.针对此类网络系统,推导出一种判定系统渐进稳定的方法.在建立的多时延网络控制系统模型的基础上,利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函理论和线性矩阵不等式技术推导出系统渐进稳定的充分条件,并给出了用LMI工具箱求解最大时延上界的步骤和方法.最后仿真算例证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.