ZrC/奥氏体相界面形变诱导铁素体相变的研究进展

介绍了国内外超细晶粒钢的研究现状,阐述了含ZrC颗粒的此类钢在过冷奥氏体形变过程中,ZrC颗粒对形变诱导铁素体相变的热力学条件、动力学关系和铁素体晶粒细化的影响;指出了外加第二相颗粒等增加聚集形变能缺陷的新方法是我国在现有装备轧制能力不足的条件下获得超细晶粒低碳钢中厚板的关键技术,以及今后低碳钢形变诱导铁素体相变晶粒细化的研究方向。     

Fabrication of nanodot plasmonic waveguide structures using FIB milling and electron beam‐induced deposition

Fabrication of metallic Au nanopillars and linear arrays of Au‐containing nanodots for plasmonic waveguides is reported in this article by two different processes—focused ion beam (FIB) milling of deposited thin films and electron beam‐induced deposition (EBID) of metallic nanostructures from an organometallic precursor gas. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling of electromagnetic fields around metallic nanostructures was used to predict the optimal size and spacing between nanostructures useful for plasmonic waveguides. Subsequently, a multi‐step FIB fabrication method was developed for production of metallic nanorods and nanopillars of the size and geometry suggested by the results of the FDTD simulations. Nanostructure fabrication was carried out on planar substrates including Au‐coated glass, quartz, and mica slides as well as cleaved 4‐mode optical fibers. In the second fabrication process, EBID was utilized for the development of similar nanostructures on planar Indium Tin Oxide and Titanium‐coated glass substrates. Each method allows formation of nanostructures such that the plasmon resonances associated with the nanostructures could be engineered and precisely controlled by controlling the nanostructure size and shape. Linear arrays of low aspect ratio nanodot structures ranging in diameter between 50–70 nm were fabricated using EBID. Preliminary dark field optical microscopy demonstrates differences in the plasmonic response of the fabricated structures. SCANNING 31: 139–146, 2009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence of RPC Parameters on the Precipitation of Nb in Microalloyed Steel

Thermo-simulation test, metallographic analysis, measurement of hardness, TEM(including diffraction contrast technique and nano-beam anylasis)along with calculating software of Metlab, etc. were used to study the influence of RPC parameters(relaxation time, aging time)on the precipitation of Nb in microalloyed steel. Following work was undertaken in this study:Strain-induced precipitation in Nb-bearing multi-microalloyed steel was monitered and analyzed. The interaction between dislocation evolution and precipitates in deformed austenite was directly observed(an Fe-Ni-Nb alloy was employed to simulate austenite in steel). The(a low carbon microalloyed steel only by Nb was adopted)effect of relaxation of deformed austenite on aging behavior occurring in bainite was investigated. Finally, the thermal stability and variation of composition of carbonitride precipitates during dissolving process in Nb-Ti microalloyed steel were alsodetected. These results indicate:(1)During the stress relaxation, the process of precipitation happened in deformed austenite of multi-microalloyed steel can be divided into three stages, i. e. nucleation, growth and coarsening. In the final stage of relaxation, Mo atoms would enter the lattice of(Nb,Ti)(C,N)precipitates and its concentration in the precipitates increases with the relaxation time.(2)In the earlier stage of relaxation, the dislocations in deformed austenite demonstrate twisted and distribute randomly. The precipitates have the tendency to occur along those dispersed dislocations. The dilocation cells would form gradually with the relaxing time prolonged and would become more stable by the subsequent precipitates formed on them in the later relaxation period. The paralleled dislocations in dislocation cells exhibit the same Burgers vector. The dislocations get rid of pinning by the bypassing mechanism.(3)When the samples are reheated to hold isothermally at 525℃,which are relaxed for different time in deformed austenite followed by accelerated cooling, their microstructures evolve very slowly with the aging time but two hardness peaks can be found one each hardness-time curves. The position of hardness peaks nearly raimains unchanged while their height varies obviously with the relaxation time. In no relaxtion samples, only one hardness peak could be observed. During the process of aging at 525℃, The growth and coarsening of as-existed strain-induced precipitates formed in deformed austenite contribute to formation of the first hardness peaks. While the second hardness peaks result from the further precipitates which nucleate in a phase after γ→α transformation(after aging for about 10 hours).(4)It was found that the precipitates formed during solidification are monophase(Ti,Nb)(C.N)rather than TiN enclosed with NbC. With addition of Ti to the steel, the thermal stability of the carbonitrides would enhance remarkably.     

微波加热制备低水硼酸锌(ZB2335)的研究

为了缩短普通工艺条件下制备硼酸锌的反应时间,本文引入了一种微波辐射加热的新方法.通过与电加热方法的比较实验表明,微波加热20分钟就可得粒度1～6μm分散性好单一相的2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O(2335型)低水硼酸锌粉体,而在电加热和引入晶种条件下,反应8小时以上才得到低水硼酸锌.微波加热存在独特的非热效应,降低了反应的活化能,可极大地提高化学反应速度.采用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA对实验样品进行分析表征.     

A comparative study of using two numerical strategies to simulate the biochemical processes in microbially induced calcite precipitation

In this study, we carried out a comparative study of two different numerical strategies for the modeling of the biogeochemical processes in microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. A simplified MICP model was used, which is based on the mass transport theory. Two numerical strategies, namely the operator splitting (OS) and the global implicit (GI) strategies, were adopted to solve the coupled reactive mass transport problems. These two strategies were compared in the aspects of numerical accuracy, convergence property and computational efficiency by solving the presented MICP model. To look more into the details of the model, sensitivity analysis of some important modeling parameters was also carried out in this paper.     

PET阻隔气体性能的改进

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)在各种饮料瓶中的应用越来越广泛,如今已经应用到包括葡萄酒在内的酒类盛装,并且获得了巨大的成功.随着聚酯应用范围的迅速扩大,其本身的一些不利因素受到越来越多的关注.通过原位聚合的方法将纳米级的二氧化硅颗粒添加到聚酯中,在不影响聚酯透明性的基础上,进一步提高了聚酯的阻隔气体性能,改善了聚酯材料表面的耐磨性能.新材料的研制成功将为聚酯在更为广泛的包装领域应用提供新的可能和条件.     

提高地层承压能力的钻井液堵漏作用机理

应用线弹性岩石力学和岩石断裂力学基本理论,揭示了钻井液堵漏阻止诱导裂缝延伸并提高裂缝重启压力从而提高地层承压能力的作用机理。通过分析承压堵漏后缝内压力分布,建立了封堵诱导裂缝的断裂力学模型,并给出承压堵漏阻止诱导裂缝延伸的必要条件;基于井周围岩裂缝诱导应力场的数学模型,提出了堵漏提高诱导裂缝重启压力的力学实质。理论研究表明,堵漏材料在裂缝入口后一定距离封堵为封堵诱导裂缝的最佳位置形式;裂缝尖端部分流体压力必须低于水平最小主应力,且该压力越低,越有利于裂缝的阻裂;诱导裂缝重启压力的提高依赖于周向诱导应力,堵漏材料必须支撑裂缝以维持周向诱导应力;承压堵漏作用机理包含密封和支撑裂缝两方面,堵漏材料应同时具有封堵性能和机械强度。     

发电厂锅炉引风机节能改造

武汉凯迪公司自主研发的生物质直燃循环流化床锅炉,试验锅炉为240 t/h循环流化床锅炉,每台炉配备两台电机功率800 kW的型号为Y6-40-26F引风机,单台引风机锅炉平均负荷170 t/h,为满足汽机接带负荷,需要启动两台引风机,运行方式不经济,通过技术改造,可实现节能目的。     

304奥氏体不锈钢应变诱发马氏体的研究

用X射线衍射(XRD)、磁针法、力学性能和显微分析研究了商用热轧态和冷轧态304奥氏体不锈钢在不同变形方式下应变诱发马氏体的行为。结果表明:304钢热轧态由于存在多量碳化物和组织不均匀性,其奥氏体稳定性低,拉伸应变诱发马氏体量达40%,冷轧(固溶)态组织均匀、奥氏体稳定性高,拉伸应变诱发马氏体量仅9%;304冷轧板材扩孔、杯突成形时其切向和径向的二向拉应力有助于γ→α’转变,诱发马氏体量(30%～35%)多于单向拉应力的拉伸诱发马氏体量(8%～10%)。对于冷轧304不锈钢,在20%以上拉伸工程应变的驱动下才能较明显地诱发马氏体。304明显的强化效果(△σ达320～400 MPa)来自应变硬化和马氏体相变强化两方面:冷轧304钢的强化主要来自应变硬化本身;热轧304钢的强化不光有应变硬化的贡献,还有应变诱发的多量马氏体的重要贡献,而且后者是主要的。     

稀土超磁致伸缩材料的磁场热处理研究

超磁致伸缩材料是一种先进的能量转换材料,在高新技术和国防军工领域具有重要的应用价值。在概述TbDyFe超磁致伸缩材料的特点及发展现状基础上,重点介绍了〈110〉取向材料的磁场热处理研究。在实验方面,采用区熔定向凝固技术制备了〈110〉取向TbDyFe多晶材料,在略高于居里点温度退火时施加磁场,不改变晶体学择优取向和凝固组织,但能调控初始磁畴分布状态,改变服役时的磁矩运动过程,从而改善材料磁致伸缩和力学性能。在模拟研究方面,建立了基于能量最低原理的磁畴旋转模型,模拟了磁热感生各向异性诱导的初始磁矩再取向过程,得到了形成单轴各向异性的临界值;模拟了感生各向异性强弱对磁致伸缩“Jump”效应的影响规律,探讨了磁场热处理对〈110〉取向晶体磁致伸缩的作用机理。