体育场屋盖气弹模型设计及风洞试验研究

空间结构气动弹性模型的设计和制作是非常困难的。本文根据一大型体育场环状挑篷的结构和风振响应的特点,合理简化相似准则,成功设计和制作了这一复杂结构的气动弹性模型,并在大型边界层风洞中模拟的B类风场、36个风向角下进行了试验。通过对结构典型测点加速度响应谱的特征分析以及对风向和风速对结构加速度和位移响应的影响的分析得到:看台以上挑篷中部的振动最强;风向对挑篷不同部分的振动幅值和参与振型有很大影响;挑篷的风致振动响应由多模态贡献。     

地震诱发煤矿次生灾害隐患排查体系构建

矿山安全工作较少考虑地震灾害的影响,不能满足国家新时代新形势对矿山安全提出的新要求.研究了煤矿遭受地震灾害典型案例,探讨了煤矿生产事故与地震灾害之间的关系,并针对地震诱发煤矿次生灾害防治存在的主要问题,研究了以煤矿生命线系统为主的承灾体隐患类型,揭示了承灾体隐患与震后煤矿次生灾害类型之间的关系;在此基础之上,研究提出了...     

透明与建筑

该文解释了透明的涵义,阐述对于建筑透明的认识及其引起的争议、转变和未来建筑透明的发展。     

非同步动叶周向分布关系对轴流引风机性能的影响

为研究风机叶片发生非同步对风机运行的影响,以SAF36-25-2轴流式引风机为例,应用流场仿真软件FLUENT获得了相间对称分布、两两相间分布、两两对称分布和相邻分布4种叶片安装角发生正反向同等程度偏离情况下引风机的运行特性及流场特征。研究表明:叶片非同步将对风机通道内的流场产生极大的影响,正向偏离时,旋涡出现在非同步叶片旋转方向下一叶片流道内,反向偏离时,旋涡出现在非同步叶片对应的叶片流道内;动叶相间对称分布位置正向偏离引风机效率降低7.7%,反向降低5.8%,相邻分布位置正向偏离引风机效率降低7.2%,反向降低3.0%,相间对称分布位置周向分布对引风机流动效率的影响相对较大;动叶开度正向偏离时平均效率下降可达7.4%,反向偏离时平均效率下降可达4.85%,相对于叶片开度反向偏离,正向偏离产生的不利影响更为明显。     

Elongational rheology of polyethylene melts

Effective elongational viscosities were measured for high‐ and low‐density polyethylene samples using a capillary rheometer fitted with semihyperbolic dies. These dies establish a purely elongational flow field at constant elongational strain rate. The effective elongational viscosities were evaluated under the influence of the process strain rate, Hencky strain, and temperature. Enthalpy and entropy changes associated with the orientation development of semihyperbolic‐processed melts were also estimated. The results showed that elongational viscosities were primarily affected by differences in the weight‐average molecular weight rather than in the degree of branching. This effect was process‐strain‐rate‐ as well as temperature‐dependent. An investigation of the melt‐pressure relaxation and the associated first decay time constants revealed that with increasing strain rate the molecular field of the melt asymptotically gained orientation in approaching a limit. As a result of this behavior, molecular uniqueness became much less distinct at high process strain rates, apparently yielding to orientation development and the associated restructuring of the melt's molecular morphology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2170–2184, 2001     

考虑高山影响的UHVDC单极大地运行感应电势分析

特高压直流输电系统单极—大地回路运行时,会使附近交流电网遭受直流偏磁危害,地表电位的准确求解是预防和治理直流偏磁危害的重要环节。针对高山对感应电势的影响,首先建立了考虑高山影响的复合土壤结构模型,并运用镜像法与行波法推导出感应电势的计算公式,分析了大地参数对感应电势分布的影响,发现高山的存在抬高了高山与直流接地极之间的感应电势,增大了高山两侧的感应电势差。进而以±800kV天中特高压直流输电工程为例,在Matlab中搭建模型计算哈密地区交流电网中直流电流分布情况。结果表明,各变电站接地极的直流电流仿真值与实测值相符。     

岩石冲击损伤特性与超声波速的实验研究

利用一级轻气炮对岩石试件进行冲击损伤实验,并对回收的试件进行声波测试,将声波测试结果与微观观测相结合,得到岩石的冲击损伤特性及其损伤程度与声波速度变化率的关系。结果表明,岩石超声波速的变化可以很好地反映岩石的损伤程度,得出的岩石的损伤特性可以为岩石的爆破设计提供依据。     

Study of cryostructuration of polymer systems. XVI. Freeze–thaw‐induced effects in the low concentration systems amylopectin–water

Studies of the freeze–thaw behavior of low‐concentrated (0.01–0.25 g/dL) water solutions and dilute pastes (0.5–1.0 g/dL) of maize starch amylopectin showed that cryogenic treatment of these systems resulted in the formation of precipitated matter, whose yield and thermal characteristics (melting temperature and enthalpy) depended on the initial polymer concentration and conditions of freezing, frozen storage, and thawing. Research of the kinetic features of these cryoprecipitation events revealed at least two stages for this process: (i) a rapid stage, when the precipitation of virtually all of the dissolved polysaccharide occurred while the system was freezing, and (ii) a slower stage, the rate of which was mainly dependent on the thawing regimes or duration of the sample storage frozen at subzero temperatures. Cryoprecipitation phenomena were observed to be most extensive at temperatures 1–2° below the melting point of the frozen system. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1740–1748, 2000     

Effect of water molecules on crystallization during unixial drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

The role played by sorbed water molecules present within poly(ethylene terephthalate) film at the moment of uniaxial drawing on the appearance and the percentage of the strain‐induced crystalline (SIC) phase is investigated by birefringence, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. We show that, for law draw ratio, water play its traditional plasticizer effects. The SIC phase appears for a draw ratio, which depends weakly on the relative humidity. The water does not modify the degree of crystallinity of drawn films but impedes the growth of a part of the crystallites and modify their crystalline size. For high draw ratio, water impedes the orientation of the amorphous phase. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1056–1066, 2000