Part II. Properties of the grafted and sulfonated membranes

The physical and chemical properties of polystyrene grafted and sulfonated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE‐graft‐PSSA) membranes prepared by radiation‐induced grafting of styrene onto commercial PTFE films using simultaneous irradiation technique followed by a sulfonation reaction are evaluated. The investigated properties include water uptake, ion exchange capacity, hydration number and ionic conductivity. All properties are correlated with the amount of grafted polystyrene (degree of grafting). The thermal stability of the membrane evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is compared with that of original and grafted PTFE films. The membrane surface structural properties are analysed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Membranes having degrees of grafting of 18 % and above show a good combination of physical and chemical properties that allow them to be proposed for use as proton conducting membranes, provided that they have sufficient chemical and mechanical stability. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

液态CO2相变破岩参数及数值模拟研究

为更好地了解液态CO₂相变破岩技术,对液态CO₂相变的相关参数进行了研究。并通过调节装药不耦合系数,对传统数值模拟方法进行优化,确定了用于施工现场的布孔方式。结果表明:所采用的CO₂相变致裂器的TNT当量为0.29 kg,乳化炸药当量为0.41 kg;其作用于孔壁上的爆轰压力为1 200 MPa,仅为乳化炸药爆轰压力的7.8%;爆容为509 L/kg,约为乳化炸药爆容的50%;破岩范围半径约为1.75 m。提出了用于工程现场的致裂方案,取得了良好的破岩效果。     

考虑阻尼比的Spar式浮式风力机基础结构涡激运动特性研究

利用数值模拟方法对不同阻尼比条件下Spar式浮式风力机基础结构进行涡激运动特性的研究.从涡激运动响应幅值、频率比、位移、升力及拖曳力等方面研究Spar式浮式风力基础结构涡激运动的关键特性.研究表明:涡激运动上端分支对应的频率比为fy/fn≈1,且该分支出现最大幅值.随着阻尼比的增大,上端分支约化速度范围有减小趋势.低阻...     

A computer-aided design of EMC microstrip dipole arrays using nonlinear optimization techniques

This paper describes a method for designing electromagnetically coupled (EMC) printed dipole arrays. The advantages of EMC dipoles include greater bandwidth, higher efficiency, and an easier match to the feed lines, when compared to classically fed printed antennae. The excitation mechanism is provided by a strip transmission line embedded inside the substrate which couples energy parasitically to the microstrip antenna. Electromagnetically coupled microstrip dipoles have been investigated by empirical or approximate analysis techniques. As a result an approximate model has been derived for microstrip dipoles. The method is based on the method of moments solution to an integral equation derived from the approximate Green function for a grounded dielectric slab. The element lengths and offsets and the stub length of the EMC dipole array are determined by the direct search optimization method of Hooke and Jeeves. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, a mathematical formulation and numerical results are presented for Chebyshev arrays. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(4): 60–66, 1998     

Preparation of toughened PMMA through PEG-modified urethane acrylate/PMMA core–shell composite particles

Poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA)/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) core–shell composite particles were prepared by two-stage emulsion polymerization. The sizes of composite particles could be varied from 25 to 210 nm by introducing polyoxyethylene (POE) groups to the urethane acrylate molecular backbone. Core–shell morphology was identified by investigating the polarity of the surface of the core and shell polymer particles and by measuring the contact angle of the composite particles. A composite particle prepared with relatively small particles (about 20 nm) did not show the core/shell morphology, because the high polar surface of the core polymer particle and the low-stage ratio of the core to the shell cause the formation of a core/shell two-stage latex to be more thermodynamically unstable. The fracture toughness of rubber-toughened PMMA containing PUA/PMMA composite particles increased as the particle sizes decreased and the shell thickness of the composite particles increased. In particular, when the average size of the composite particle was about 43 nm and the stage ratio was 50/50, the fracture toughness of the rubber-toughened PMMA increased more than three times compared with that of pure PMMA. Furthermore, the transparency of toughened PMMA could be maintained up to 91% in the visible spectra range. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2291–2302, 1998     

CYP2D6基因多态性对托烷司琼预防化疗所致恶心呕吐效果的影响

肿瘤对人类健康造成很大威胁。化疗作为一种全身性的治疗方法,在肿瘤治疗中的地位不可动摇。化疗所致恶心呕吐（chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, CINV）是化疗过程中常见的不良反应,严重影响了患者的情绪、生活质量和肿瘤的控制。CINV的防治对肿瘤患者来说非常重要。托烷司琼是较常用的5-羟色胺Ⅲ亚型（5-hydroxytryptamine type 3, 5-HT3）受体拮抗剂,在防治CINV方面具有很好的临床效果,但仍有部分患者使用托烷司琼后效果不佳。越来越多的研究表明这些个体差异可能与基因多态性密切相关。本文就细胞色素P450 2D6（cytochrome P450 2D6, CYP2D6）基因多态性对托烷司琼预防CINV效果的影响作一综述,以期为基因多态性指导下的临床个体化用药提供思路。     

汽泡生长诱导的速度场

通过使用Ａｐｏｌｌｏｎｉｕｓ保角变换和Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数方法,获得了静止流场中汽泡生长过程中的诱导速度场。