660 MW超超临界机组汽动引风机并列与运行

汽动引风机以其无启动电流、低厂用电率和高效调节等优点,逐渐在新建机组中得到应用。以国内某新建超超临界机组汽动引风机为研究对象,根据汽动引风机及其管路特性曲线,分析风机并列的最佳工况,介绍了汽动引风机的并列方法,以及风机并列运行后的运行策略。针对汽动引风机运行中存在的裕量不足、排汽压力高和调节特性差等问题,进行原因分析和控制逻辑优化,确保机组运行的安全性和稳定性。     

脉冲光纤激光诱导氧化硬质合金的温度场分布

利用ABAQUS建立了三维瞬态传热模型,计算了激光诱导下的温度场分布情况,并研究了激光参数对温度场的影响。仿真结果表明,工件最高温度随着单脉冲能量的增大以及扫描速度和光斑直径的减小而增大,热影响区的最大深度和宽度随着单脉冲能量的增大以及扫描速度和光斑直径的减小而增大。研究结果为优选激光诱导氧化硬质合金材料时的激光参数提供了重要依据。     

Numerical study on dynamic behavior of slope models including weak layers from deformation to failure using material point method

This paper describes numerical studies on the dynamic behavior of experimental slope models, including various inclined weak layers. These studies were conducted by simulation of shaking table tests using the material point method (MPM), which allows seamless treatment of various considerations, from elastic behavior to discontinuous collapse behavior of slopes, on the basis of an elasto-plastic constitutive law. The simulation results showed that the failure modes, progressive deformation and downward sliding of the numerical slope models, which were similar to that observed in the shaking table tests, can be obtained using the numerical method. In addition, sensitivity analyses of the numerical models used in this study were performed to determine the effects of mesh size, number of particles per cell (PPC) and damping constants on the simulation results. The results of these analyses indicated the use of fine meshes and high damping constants seems to produce sensible results and reduce numerical noises, respectively.     

基于诱导冒落开采模型的相似材料配比试验研究

依据大石桥大岭西山菱镁矿的开采现状, 以模型试验相似理论为基础, 应用正交试验设计法, 设计了基于砂胶比、石膏与水泥质量比、松香酒精溶液占河砂百分比的3因素5水平材料配比方案模拟菱镁矿石, 对不同材料配比方案的试件进行了力学参数测试, 确定了一种能模拟菱镁矿石的最佳材料配比方案。采用极差分析法分析了各个因素对试件力学参数影响的主次关系, 发现影响试件强度参数的主要因素是松香酒精溶液占河砂的百分比, 影响试件变形参数的主要因素是砂胶比。绘制了各因素对试件力学参数影响的直观分析图, 分析了各因素对试件力学参数的影响趋势。     

β-氨基丁酸抑制草莓低温贮藏过程中灰霉病的效果及其机理

以‘红颜’草莓为实验材料,研究β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid,BABA)对草莓果实采后贮藏在低温((5±1)℃)条件下灰霉病的抑制效果及相关机理。草莓果实经过20 mmol/L的BABA处理后接种灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)孢子,然后在(5±1)℃的条件下贮藏12 d,结果发现BABA显著抑制了灰霉病的发生和病斑直径的扩展,与对照组相比,处理组几丁质酶(chitinase,CHI)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase,GLU)的活力分别提高了9.2%和54.9%,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)和纤维素酶(cellulose,Cel)的活力分别降低了29.3%和24.4%,同时,BABA提高了FaCHI和FaGLU基因的表达,抑制了FaPG和FaCel基因的表达;此外,体外实验的结果发现,BABA能够破坏灰葡萄孢霉孢子的质膜完整性,导致了孢子内部可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的泄漏。结果表明,BABA通过诱导抗病相关酶活力来提高抗病性、延缓果实软化并通过对病原菌的直接抑制作用减轻草莓果实采后灰霉病的发生。     

Shelf life extension of fresh fruit and vegetables by chitosan treatment

Among alternatives that are currently under investigation to replace the use of synthetic fungicides to control postharvest diseases in fresh produce and to extend their shelf life, chitosan application has shown promising disease control, at both preharvest and postharvest stages. Chitosan shows a dual mode of action, on the pathogen and on the plant, as it reduces the growth of decay-causing fungi and foodborne pathogens and induces resistance responses in the host tissues. Chitosan coating forms a semipermeable film on the surface of fruit and vegetables, thereby delaying the rate of respiration, decreasing weight loss, maintaining the overall quality, and prolonging the shelf life. Moreover, the coating can provide a substrate for incorporation of other functional food additives, such as minerals, vitamins, or other drugs or nutraceutical compounds that can be used to enhance the beneficial properties of fresh commodities, or in some cases the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Chitosan coating has been approved as GRAS substance by USFDA, and its application is safe for the consumer and the environment. This review summarizes the most relevant and recent knowledge in the application of chitosan in postharvest disease control and maintenance of overall fruit and vegetable quality during postharvest storage.     

织物遮光性测试方法

结合主观视觉评价方法,对白度仪和紫外－可见光分光光度计测试指标在表征织物遮光性的可行性和适用性方面进行研究。结果表明：由白度仪测得的透明度值能够在一定程度上反映织物的视觉透明感,但其数值大小受织物颜色的影响较为明显;有色织物的透明度值与视觉透明感的相关性低于白色织物。用紫外－可见光分光光度计测得的可见光范围内各单色光的平均透射系数更适合于表征及评价织物的遮光性能,尤其适合于不同颜色的织物,该值比白度仪单波段的光透明度值与视觉透明感的关系更加密切。平均透射系数值越小,表示织物的遮光性越好,该值大于40%的织物有明显透明感,小于20%的织物是不透明的。     

综合物探方法在内蒙古草原覆盖区寻找隐伏矿床的应用

内蒙古草原覆盖区是近年来隐伏矿床找矿工作的重点区域。为了寻找一种快速、有效的适合草原覆盖区的找矿方法,在阿鲁科尔沁旗某铁多金属矿区进行了大功率激电和EH4 相结合的地球物理方法实验性研究。结果表明,大功率激电法测量识别出3 条相对高阻带和 1 条低阻带,前者同时显示出中高极化率异常,可能属于矿化蚀变带引起的矿致异常;EH4 连续电导率测深结果表明,该矿床深部存在明显的地球物理异常,异常强度大且清晰,与已知的矿化蚀变带和激电测量结果对应良好,显示矿床深部具有良好的成矿前景。实践证明,结合针对性的地质研究,大功率激电和 EH4 技术在草原覆盖区寻找隐伏矿体的应用效果较好。     

Formation of microporous polymeric membranes via thermally induced phase separation: A review

A review of recent research related to microporous polymeric membranes formed via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and the morphologies of these membranes is presented. A summary of polymers and suitable diluents that can be used to prepare these microporous membranes via TIPS are summarized. The effects of different kinds of polymer materials, diluent types, cooling conditions, extractants and additive agents on the morphology and performance of TIPS membranes are also discussed. Finally new developments in TIPS technology are summarized.

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