Occurrence and traceability of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from sheep's milk cheese-making plants environment

The aim of the study was to conduct an extensive survey on Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. environmental contamination in 13 cheese-making plants. A total of 409 environmental and food samples were collected during years 2011–2013. Listeria spp. contamination was observed in all the facilities, while L. monocytogenes was recovered from 12 facilities with a prevalence ranging between 3.0% and 22.6%. Floor drains were the most contaminated sampling sites (48.8% of positive samples), serving as harbourage site for subsequent contamination. Out of 616 isolates, 277 (45.0%) were Listeria innocua, 274 (44.5%) L. monocytogenes, 41 (6.6%) Listeria ivanovii, 14 (2.3%) Listeria welshimeri and 10 (1.6%) Listeria gravyi. Serotyping carried out by PCR and agglutination method for L. monocytogenes revealed that 169 strains (61.7%) were serotype 1/2a, 65 (23.7%) 4b, 20 (7.3%) 1/2b, 10 (3.6%) 3a, 7 (2.5%) 1/2c and 3 (1.1%) 3b. PFGE conducted on L. monocytogenes isolates using AscI and ApaI restriction enzymes, yielded 6 clusters. Two predominant PFGE clusters were observed including respectively 36 and 32 strains. Within cheese-making plants, L. monocytogenes showed wide variability with strains distributed up to 4 different clusters. Pulsotypes isolated from raw milk filter were never detected in the processing environment, indicating that the contamination originated from sources other than raw milk. The isolation of strains with similar profile from different sampling sites, within and among cheese-making plants, indicated the possible transfer of L. monocytogenes contamination along production lines and from one facility to another. Strains recovered from food were confirmed as originating from the processing environment.     

Thermal markers arising from changes in the protein component of milk

Classification of heat load applied to milk requires the detection of parameters appropriately related to the intensity of the heat treatment. Current analytical methods based on heat-induced changes in the protein component of milk have been directed either to determine the amount of protein-derived products arised from heat treatments or to evaluate the extent of thermal denaturation of milk proteins. Lately, a new analytical strategy has been developed according to the occurrence of three major whey proteins, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA), beta-lactoglobulin (βlg) and alfa-lactalbumin (αla), normally soluble at pH 4.6 in raw milk, in the pH 4.6 insoluble protein fraction recovered from heat-treated milk. The results have shown that pH 4.6 insoluble BSA, βlg and αla, as detected by ELISA in milk, can be regarded as thermal markers suited for either dairy process control or regulation purposes.     

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

阴极电泳漆槽液熟化周期研究

针对槽液熟化周期长的电泳漆品种,在进行电泳漆材料性能试验时提前将电泳漆中的乳液进行深度脱溶剂处理,除掉其中大部分的低沸点溶剂,可以有效缩短电泳漆槽液的熟化周期,在短时间内满足电泳漆的相关试验需求。     

扑尔敏对映体的毛细管电泳分离研究

本文采用毛细管电泳对扑尔敏对映体的分离进行了讨论。测定了不同pH值条下两对映体与β-环糊精相互作用的结合常数,讨论了结合常数与分离选择性的关系。针对理论计算出的两对映体淌度差达到最大时所需的β-环糊精最佳浓度理论值与达到最大分离度所需的β-环糊精实际浓度值之间存在一定偏差的现象,结合分离度的定义,推导了分离度与对映体淌度之间的关系并进行了验证。     

离子液体在分析化学领域中的应用

离子液体是实现绿色化学过程的重要途径之一,作为一种“绿色溶剂”它因其独特的性质可取代传统挥发性有机溶剂,用于化学研究的很多领域。其在分析化学领域中的应用在本文作一介绍。     

毛细管电泳脉冲安培法测定二氯苯酚的离解常数

基于毛细管电泳三脉冲安培检测技术,利用毛细管电泳中不同pH值条件下有效淌度(μeff)与缓冲溶液中[H ]的非线性关系,以及1／μeff缓冲溶液中[H ]的线性关系,测定了2,4-二氯苯酚(DCP)的离解常数。考察了三脉冲电位及时间、电解液的浓度、酸度、电泳电压及进样时间对测定的影响,得到了最优测定条件。以微盘铂电极为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,三脉冲电位为:C1-300mV, t1200ms;E2600mV,t2100ms;E31000mV,t3100ms。该方法具有简单、快速、准确等特点。测得二氯苯酚的pK,为7.91。     

毛细管区带电泳在生物农药残留分析中的应用

毛细管电泳(CE)具有所需样品量小、分离效率高等特点,已经引起越来越多的关注,并将它应用到农药残留的检测中。对目前的多种检测方法的优缺点及其在农药残留检测中的应用情况进行了综述,同时介绍了生物农药的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)的检测情况,展望了CZE在农药残留分析与检测中的应用前景。     

“都灵V”内腔膜厚的提高

电泳漆膜厚度是衡量电泳漆质量的一项关键性指标,直接影响到涂层的耐腐蚀性与丰满度。针对IVECO“都灵V”车身内腔电泳漆膜厚偏低的问题,进行了工艺分析,采取调整电泳施工工艺参数、设计辅助阳极等措施,使得车身内电泳漆膜厚度达到工艺要求,并同步改善了车身电泳膜厚的均一性。     

溶胶-凝胶电泳WO_3膜的电致变色特性

采用溶胶-凝胶电泳法制备非晶态WO_8电致变色膜,经过适当条件热处理后,由于H~+(或/和Li~+)离子和电子的双注入,该膜能呈现无色至深蓝色的电致变色效应。其性能为:对应于响应时间t_(res)≈1S时,变色对比度C_R>2:1;开路存贮时间τ_(?)≈64h;变色循环寿命n≈8×10~4次。实验在C/二甲基亚砜+LiClO_4(液体电解质)/WO_8/ITO构成的可逆电池中进行。 讨论了热处理条件、试验电压、膜厚等对胶体膜结构、含水量、光密度变量、循环寿命、着色可逆性及保持特性的影响。