Backscattered electron imaging of the undersurface of resin-embedded cells by field-emission scanning electron microscopy

In this study backscattered electron (BSE) imaging was used to display cellular structures stained with heavy metals within an unstained resin by atomic number contrast in successively deeper layers. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on either 13-mm discs of plastic Thermanox, commercially pure titanium or steel. The cells were fixed, stained and embedded in resin and the disc removed. The resin block containing the cells was sputter coated and examined in a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The technique allowed for the direct visualization of the cell undersurface and immediately overlying areas of cytoplasm through the surrounding embedding resin, with good resolution and contrast to a significant depth of about 2 μm, without the requirement for cutting sections. The fixation protocol was optimized in order to increase heavy metal staining for maximal backscattered electron production. The operation of the microscope was optimized to maximize the number of backscattered electrons produced and to minimize the spot size. BSE images were collected over a wide range of accelerating voltages (keV), from low values to high values to give ‘sections' of information from increasing depths within the sample. At 3–4 keV only structures a very short distance into the material were observed, essentially the areas of cell attachment to the removed substrate. At higher accelerating voltages information on cell morphology, including in particular stress fibres and cell nuclei, where heavy metals were intensely bound became more evident. The technique allowed stepwise ‘sectional’ information to be acquired. The technique should be useful for studies on cell morphology, cycle and adhesion with greater resolution than can be obtained with any light-microscope-based system.     

Modeling and analysis of workpiece stability based on the linear programming method

After being located on a machine bed, a workpiece will be subject to gravity and cutting forces during the machining operation. In order to keep the locating precision as well as the production safety, it is necessary to maintain the workpiece stability. In this paper, a linear programming method is proposed for stability analysis of the workpiece. Based on the linear approximation of the friction cone, a quantitative criterion is established to verify the workpiece stability in association with the rationality of the clamping sequence, magnitude of clamping forces and clamping placement. This criterion allows designers to plan reasonably the clamping sequence, magnitude of clamping forces as well as clamping placement. Compared with existing methods, the main advantage of this approach lies in that the sophisticated computing of contact forces between fixture elements and the workpiece is avoided. In this work, both friction and frictionless cases can be easily taken into account in stability analysis. Mathematical formulations of the method are given and some numerical tests are finally demonstrated to validate the proposed method.     

考虑动作误差的低励限制与失磁保护定值配合方法研究

关于低励限制与失磁保护定值匹配的研究多聚焦于将其转换到同一功率平面或阻抗平面进行校核的方法,鲜有文献考虑实际装置动作特性对定值匹配结果的影响。该文从理论上详细分析各参数变化对失磁保护和低励限制的影响,提出基于装置动作误差的低励限制与失磁保护定值匹配校核原则,并论述定值失配时的定值调整方法,为当前各发电厂开展低励限制与失磁保护定值校核及整定提供了有效指导原则。     

基于PVP模板剂水热法制备TiO_2纳米管

以聚乙稀吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模板剂,钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,水热法制备TiO2纳米管.分别采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和比表面积孔径分析仪对产物的晶相、结构、形貌、比表面积和孔径分布进行了表征.考察了所制备TiO2纳米管的水热稳定性和热稳定性.结果表明:用PVP为模板剂能制得高比表面积的TiO2纳米管,其管径约在6～8 nm之间.所制备的TiO2纳米管,100℃水热处理7 d,500℃焙烧3 h后,TiO2纳米管的结构没有被破坏,说明制备出了具有较高的热稳定性和水热稳定性的TiO2纳米管.     

考虑饱和的发电机单机无穷大系统有限增益镇定

摘要：研究了一类具有饱和及外部干扰的发电机单机无穷大系统的鲁棒增益镇定问题.首先基于哈密顿能量理论将电机系统模型转化为广义耗散 哈密顿系统模型,然后运用静态输出反馈得到闭环哈密顿系统.在某增长条件下,证明了闭环系统可以达到渐近稳定和有限增益镇定, 同时得到了有限增益的估计值.仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

一类非线性系统渐近稳定域的估计

通过构造合适的v函数,证明了一类非线性系统的正不变性质和正准紧性质,利用该系统的正不变性质和正准紧性质研究了系统的稳定性和吸引性,得到了该系统渐近稳定域估计的判别条件,推广并改进了已有文献中Liapunov渐近稳定域的结果。最后给出了上述结论的应用实例。     

挡土墙稳定性的模糊可靠度分析

综合考虑了挡土墙失稳的随机性和模糊性,根据工程实际确定结构功能函数的概率密度函数及表征挡土墙稳定性的隶属函数,提出了挡土墙失稳的模糊概率和挡土墙稳定性模糊可靠度的计算方法,具有一定的实际意义.     

用于动力系统控制的时滞神经网络

提出了一种连续回归时滞神经元网络,并将其用于动力系统控制。通过在隐层神经元中引入时滞,构造了一种新的时滞神经网络模型。应用Lyapunov稳定性方法,给出了此神经网络权值的修正算法和系统的控制输入,保证了控制系统的稳定性。本文建立的控制方法不需要系统任何的先验知识,并能保证控制误差收敛到零点附近的一个小的邻域,并始终保持在这个区域内。最后通过对一种超声马达进行控制实验,验证了本方法的有效性。     

大豆乳清蛋白的乳化特性及水解条件

为考察大豆乳清蛋白乳化特性及胰蛋白酶水解技术,采用截留分子量(MWCO)为10000 u再生纤维膜(PXC)进行试验,考察大豆乳清蛋白乳化性(EAI)、乳化稳定性(ESI)、胰蛋白酶水解技术及其最佳控制条件.结果表明:大豆乳清蛋白ESI效果影响因素及最佳条件是:时间(25 min)>质量分数(5%)>温度(40℃)>pH(9),EAI效果最佳条件是:质量分数(5%)>温度(40℃)>pH(9)>时间(25 min).大豆乳清蛋白的胰蛋白酶水解技术可行,水解条件为:底物质量分数2%,酶用量4000 u/100g.pro,水解时间4 h,温度60℃.     

悬挂对飞行器静稳定性影响的分析论证

静稳定性与飞行器设计及飞行品质有密切关系。用建模的思想,把复杂的实际系统合理简化,在理论上论证了悬挂稳定的可行性,研究了稳定效果与影响因素之间的关系,并提出了设计改进方案,作为进一步实验论证的理论依据。