弹体内置矩形腔屏蔽效能分析

为提高导弹强电磁脉冲防护能力,采用有限积分法对弹体内置矩形腔体的屏蔽效能进行了数值模拟.重点分析了双层嵌套腔体屏蔽效能与单层腔体屏蔽效能之间的关系,以及末制导雷达天线转动对壳体屏蔽效能的影响.结果表明:双层嵌套在L频段可提高屏蔽效能30 dB左右,但在S频段嵌套腔体与内层腔体的屏蔽效能相当;当外层腔体与内层腔体上孔缝共振频率相近时,嵌套腔体屏蔽效能会急剧恶化;天线转动对屏蔽效能的影响与入射波频段相关.该研究对提高导弹电磁防护能力具有指导意义.     

建筑节能与围护结构

从建筑节能出发 ,分析了国内建筑围护结构的现状 ,找出差距 ,提出改善围护结构保温、隔热的有效途径     

Studies of the combined effects of some important factors on the likelihood of flashover

Among those factors that affect the likelihood of flashover in enclosure fires, the thermal inertia of lining materials, ventilation factor of door openings, heat release rate of fuel, and internal dimensions of the enclosure are the most important. The effects of the four factors are related, so it is very necessary to study their combined effects. In the present study, based on analyzing the approximate heat balance on the control volume similar to that in the MQH method, a dimensional relationship was derived that facilitates the estimation of pre‐flashover temperatures, which is used in the popular guidance literature as the key parameters for practical methods of predicting flashover. By correlating a vast amount of data gained in both small‐scale and large‐scale enclosure fire experiments, an important equation was obtained, which can embody explicitly and quantitatively the combined effects of the four important factors on the likelihood of flashover. According to the temperature criteria of 600°C identifying flashover, a new ‘combined method of predicting flashover’ was put forward. The validity of the method was verified in small‐scale experiments, and the results showed that it could be applied to predict well whether flashover occurs in enclosure fires or not. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长电缆-GIS系统的雷电暂态外壳电位升高

指出雷电侵入波在长电缆-GIS系统中传播，可能同时产生危险的暂志外壳电位升高；模拟研究了暂态外壳电位升高的水平和GIS外壳接地布局、接地电阻及接地引线电感的影响；并对限制暂态外壳电位升高的措施提出建议．     

Fire behaviour and external flames in corridor and tunnel‐like enclosures

This work investigates how the inflow, the burning and the outflow develop in a corridor open to one end having a fire at either the closed or open end. The situation of a corridor fire having a fire source at the close end is a situation similar to a tunnel having a fire source at the centre of the tunnel without ventilation. A gaseous propane burner is used to produce the fire at a prescribed fuel flow rate in a long corridor of aspect ratio up to 6:1 having a rectangular cross section and varying door‐like openings. Gas temperatures using thermocouple trees, heat fluxes in the corridor and on its façade, flame heights of emerging flames and total heat release rates (HRRs) are measured as the fuel flow rate of propane increases gradually and linearly with time to a preset maximum value. For over‐ventilated conditions, the flames remain near the fire source at the closed end of the corridor. Unexpectedly, it is established for under‐ventilated conditions that the inflow of air is not affected by the aspect ratio of the corridor or the location of the burner in the corridor and that the vertical distribution of gas temperatures inside the enclosure is nearly uniform with height everywhere. In addition, the flame heights and heat fluxes on the façade are the same as those for aspect ratios of the corridor from 1:1 to 3:1 examined in previous work. Moreover, as the conditions changed from over‐ventilated to under‐ventilated conditions, the flames migrated in a ghostly manner from the closed end to the open end of the corridor as soon as under‐ventilated conditions were established. The speed of migration of the flames from the back to the front has also been inferred from the thermocouple tree measurements, which also indicate that the flow conditions ahead and after the passing of the front are changed. These results can be applied to interpret some of the observed behaviours of fires in long corridors or tunnels without ventilation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

零线在供电系统中的作用

介绍零线断线在供电系统中带来的危害,并说明零线在供电系统中的重要作用.     

Turbulent natural convection in an enclosure with localized heating from below

This study reports the results of a numerical investigation of turbulent natural convection in a square enclosure with localized heating from below and symmetrical cooling from the vertical side walls. The present study simulates the case of an accidental heat generation due to fire in a typical isolated building of a nuclear reactor or electronic components cabin. The source of fire is considered to be centrally located at the bottom wall with different heated widths, which is assumed to be either isothermal or with isoflux. For the purpose of the analysis, the source length is varied from 20 to 80% of the total width of the bottom wall. The top wall and the unheated portion of the bottom wall are considered to be adiabatic, whereas sidewalls are isothermal. Steady as well as transient forms of two-dimensional Reynolds–Averaged-Navier–Stokes equations and conservation equations of mass and energy, coupled with the Boussinesq approximation, are solved by the control volume based discretisation method employing the SIMPLE algorithm for pressure–velocity coupling. Turbulence is modeled using the standard k–ε model. Rayleigh number, Ra, based on the enclosure height is varied from 10⁸ to 10¹². Stream lines and isotherms are presented for various combinations of Ra and the heated width. A double cell flow pattern is observed with marginal loss in symmetry as Ra increases. The results are reported in the form of local and average Nusselt number on the heated floor. Correlations are developed to predict the heat transfer rates from the enclosure as a function of dimensionless heated width of the bottom wall and Ra, by least square linear regression analysis.     

催化裂化沉降器跑剂分析与对策

中国石化青岛炼油化工有限责任公司2013年3月发生沉降器跑剂事件,检查发现沉降器旋风分离器翼阀周围催化剂和焦块大量堆积是导致翼阀启闭异常、跑剂的主要原因,翼阀舌板磨损、穿孔和提升管出口旋流快分头上部箱体磨穿等问题也使跑剂现象加剧。采取改造沉降器封闭罩、割除封闭罩外承插部位、改造封闭罩溢流密封圈、取消封闭罩外蒸汽环和油气平衡管、增设封闭罩外侧盖板、更换新防焦蒸汽环、更换翼阀等一系列措施后,沉降器封闭罩外催化剂大量堆积、盖板以上区域封闭罩外壁及沉降器内壁结焦等难题得以解决,从根本上解决了沉降器跑剂问题。     

Three－Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in an Inclined Cylindrical Annulus

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Natural convection flow in porous enclosures with heating and cooling on adjacent walls and divided by a triangular massive partition

The problem of steady, laminar, natural convection flow in a porous enclosure divided by a triangular massive partition has been formulated. The massive triangular partition is a solid adiabatic body which is located to the right and top wall. Bottom and left vertical wall of porous enclosure are isothermally heated and cooled, respectively. Remaining wall is adiabatic. Governing equations using Darcy model are solved numerically by the finite-difference method and the Successive Under Relaxation (SUR) technique is used to solve linear algebraic equations. Thanks to massive partition, two different enclosure are formed, depends on dimensions of the triangular body, as triangle and trapezoidal. Flow patterns and temperature distributions were presented at different aspect ratios (0 ≤ AR ≤ 1) and Rayleigh numbers (100 ≤ Ra ≤ 1000). Results are given for different aspect ratios (AR) for AR = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1. A parametric study is conducted and a set of representative results for flow and temperature characteristics are presented and discussed.