寒冷地区乡村住宅外围护结构能耗计算及节能设计

建筑围护结构节能是建筑节能的重要组成部分？我国寒冷地区既有乡村住宅多属砖混结构,围护结构过于单薄、保温水平低,建筑运行陷入了高消耗、高排放、低舒适的恶性循环？文章通过对乡村住宅的典型户型外围护结构能耗指标的理论计算,提出适宜该地区乡村住宅节能30％和50％的外围护结构节能设计方案.     

Enclosure Smoke Filling and Management with Mechanical Ventilation

Enclosure smoke filling and management are addressed from the standpoint of the volumetric flow rates commonly used for mechanical ventilation system design. In this context, fire-induced gas expansion is treated as a volumetric source term. A two-layer analysis developed previously for enclosure smoke filling without mechanical ventilation is extended to consider the impact of mechanical ventilation on smoke layer descent rates and conditions within the smoke layer. A spreadsheet-based model of enclosure smoke filling developed in conjunction with the previous unventilated analysis is also extended to consider both mechanical extraction and injection systems. Some implications of mechanical ventilation on the development and descent of a smoke layer in an enclosure fire are discussed.     

旧房增层改造实践

结合具体工程实例，介绍了旧房增层改造工程的实践，从直接增层法、外套框架法等方面阐述了旧房增层改造工程的具体施工方案，经实践，加固效果良好，达到设计要求。     

Application of cross validation techniques for modelling construction costs during the very early design stage

Building client/owners need estimates of likely construction costs for budgeting purposes early in the procurement process when little detailed design information is available beyond the type, size and location of the facility. One of the more sophisticated techniques available for this purpose is the storey enclosure method, developed by James in 1954. This uses the basic physical measurements of the building envelope, together with an arbitrary set of multipliers, or weights, to forecast tender/bid prices. Although seldom used in practice, James succeeded in showing his method to be capable of significantly outperforming alternative approaches.

The research reported in this paper aimed firstly to reassess James’ claims with new data and secondly to advance his method by using regression techniques to obtain the weights involved. Based on data from 138 completed Hong Kong projects for four types of building, two types of regression models were developed. This involved the use of sophisticated features such as leave-one-out cross validation to simulate the way in which forecasts are produced in practice and a dual stepwise selection strategy that enhances the chance of identifying the best model. An algorithm was also designed to select the appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests for objective and rigorous model evaluation against alternatives.

The results indicate that, contrary to James’ claim, both his original method and the two regression-based alternatives are not significantly better or worse than other models. Surprisingly, the widely used floor area model was found to under-perform in terms of consistency for offices and private housing. For private housing in particular, it was felt that the storey enclosure method was likely to offer good prospects of improvement on those methods currently in use in practice.     

浅谈钻孔咬合桩在基坑支护中的应用

对钻孔咬合桩的特点以及在实际工程中的应用进行了介绍,并对施工中可能出现的难题及解决方法进行了总结,最后对钻孔咬合桩在围护结构应用中存在的问题进行了分析,以推广钻孔咬合桩施工技术。     

搅拌桩,树根桩复合围护结构在：上海虹桥友谊商城基坑工程中的应用

介绍在水泥土搅拌桩中插入树根桩组成复合围护结构，应用于虹桥开发区友谊商城基坑工程的成功实例。     

SMW工法在外高桥造船基地坞口工程中的应用

在围护结构中 ,挡土与防水是一个整体 ,应该紧密相接、共同作用。衡量围护结构的防水效果 ,主要看材料的抗压强度与渗透系数。SMW(SoilMixingWall)工法是一种良好的挡土和防渗围护结构型式 ,与传统围护结构方法相比 ,不仅挡土、防水效果好 ,且能在狭小场地上安全施工 ,无噪声、振动小、无泥浆和公害影响 ,且有缩短工期和节约造价诸优点     

帷幕灌浆技术在既有土坝可溶岩坝基中的应用

针对河南省方城县望花亭水库坝基水文地质与工程地质条件，对坝基渗流进行了分析，指出在桩号0 165～0 430坝段的大理岩总出露宽度为265m，第5，7层大理岩仅占坝址区大理岩总宽度38％，但渗漏量却占坝基总渗漏量的69．7％，由此形成落水洞、大面积沼泽地、管涌和接触冲刷等隐患。分别对坝基大理岩进行封闭式帷幕和悬挂式帷幕灌浆处理。按照初步设计阶段灌浆设计要求，拟采用常规的一次灌浆法或“孔口封闭自上而下分段灌浆法”，但灌浆试验表明在钻孔中止塞困难，绕塞返浆严重，造成土坝吃浆量很大，坝顶冒浆十分严重，对坝基进行灌浆非常困难。经反复试验，摸索出“孔口及坝体封闭、基岩内自上而下分段孔内循环灌浆”的灌浆工艺和灌浆方法。灌浆试验及灌浆施工结果表明，采用新的灌浆工艺后，虽然也存在不少施工难题，但灌浆效果很好。总结了这种新的施工方法的产生、试验情况、施工工艺、灌浆效果检查等，以便供同类工程参考。     

建筑节能要重点处理的几个具体问题

建筑节能在工业及民用建筑中占有重要的位置。对降低能耗从设计、围护体、暖通等诸方面提出控制要求。     

催化裂化沉降器跑剂分析与对策

中国石化青岛炼油化工有限责任公司2013年3月发生沉降器跑剂事件,检查发现沉降器旋风分离器翼阀周围催化剂和焦块大量堆积是导致翼阀启闭异常、跑剂的主要原因,翼阀舌板磨损、穿孔和提升管出口旋流快分头上部箱体磨穿等问题也使跑剂现象加剧。采取改造沉降器封闭罩、割除封闭罩外承插部位、改造封闭罩溢流密封圈、取消封闭罩外蒸汽环和油气平衡管、增设封闭罩外侧盖板、更换新防焦蒸汽环、更换翼阀等一系列措施后,沉降器封闭罩外催化剂大量堆积、盖板以上区域封闭罩外壁及沉降器内壁结焦等难题得以解决,从根本上解决了沉降器跑剂问题。