DIFFERENT ROOF BEHAVIOUR UNDER DIFFERENT UPPER MINING BOUNDARY CONDITION IN DATONG

Understanding roof behaviour and immediate roof failure patterns of Iongwall face is a prerequisite for establishing correct roof control theory and appplying effective roof control measures. Roof behaviour and immediate roof failure pattern have a close relationship with upper mining boundary conditions of Iongwall face. According to actual situation of Datong Mining Area, upper mining boundary conditions of Iongwall face have been classified into 5 types in this paper. Roof behaviour and immediate roof failure pattern under each upper mining boundary condition are discussed in details.     

基于贝叶斯网络的土石坝可靠性分析

提出采用贝叶斯网络方法来分析大坝的可靠性问题．首先简要地介绍了贝叶斯网络方法的基本原理和建模方法，将贝叶斯网络方法和故障树方法进行了比较，并给出了故障树向贝叶斯网络转化的基本步骤．定义了贝叶斯网络中节点的重要度因子，并给出了相应的计算公式．最后以土石坝为例，根据土石坝的失效机理建立了土石坝可靠性分析的贝叶斯网络模型，并对溃坝原因进行了重要度分析．结果表明，贝叶斯网络能够有效地进行大坝可靠性分析，它能够更直观地表示大坝失事的因果关系，且贝叶斯网络能够方便地解决共因失效问题．故障树可以方便地转化为相应的贝叶斯网络模型．贝叶斯网络节点的重要度分析结果为制定有效的大坝失事概率控制措施提供了理论依据．     

Failure cost design of structural systems

A systematic design approach based on applying weights to modes of failure is proposed. Representative individual failure modes are identified on the limit state surface using a nonlinear structural analysis program. Modal failure probabilities are computed in load space (in which randomness in structural resistance is included), and linearized around mean plastic moment capacities. Single- and multi-objective formulations with objectives of failure cost and initial cost, and with mean plastic moment capacities of structural members as decision variables are used. An iterative procedure with successively tighter bounds on the decision variables is employed. The procedure is applied to a simple frame for which optimum plastic moment capacities (single-objective case) and a trade-off curve between future (failure) cost and initial cost (multi-objective case) are found.     

A feasibility assessment of the use of nanofluids to enhance the in-vessel retention capability in light-water reactors

Nanofluids, colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles, exhibit a substantially higher critical heat flux (CHF) compared to water. As such, they could be used to enhance the in-vessel retention (IVR) capability in the severe accident management strategy implemented by certain light-water reactors. It is envisioned that, at normal operating conditions, the nanofluid would be stored in dedicated storage tanks, which, upon actuation, would discharge into the reactor cavity through injection lines. The design of the injection system was explored with risk-informed analyses and computational fluid dynamics. It was determined that the system has a reasonably low failure probability, and that, once injected, the nanofluid would be delivered effectively to the reactor vessel surface within seconds. It was also shown analytically that the increase in decay power removal through the vessel using a nanofluid is about 40%, which could be exploited to provide a higher IVR safety margin or, for a given margin, to enable IVR at higher core power. Finally, the colloidal stability of a candidate alumina-based nanofluid in an IVR environment was experimentally investigated, and it was found that this nanofluid would be stable against dilution, exposure to gamma radiation, and mixing with boric acid and lithium hydroxide, but not tri-sodium phosphate.     

Two types of a passive safety containment for a near future BWR with active and passive safety systems

The paper presents two types of a passive safety containment for a near future BWR. They are named Mark S and Mark X containment. One of their common merits is very low peak pressure at severe accidents without venting the containment atmosphere to the environment. The PCV pressure can be moderated within the design pressure. Another merit is the capability to submerge the PCV and the RPV above the core level. The third merit is robustness against external events such as a large commercial airplane crash. Both the containments have a passive cooling core catcher that has radial cooling channels. The Mark S containment is made of reinforced concrete and applicable to a large power BWR up to 1830 MWe. The Mark X containment has the steel secondary containment and can be cooled by natural circulation of outside air. It can accommodate a medium power BWR up to 1380 MWe. In both cases the plants have active and passive safety systems constituting in-depth hybrid safety (IDHS). The IDHS provides not only hardware diversity between active and passive safety systems but also more importantly diversity of the ultimate heat sinks between the atmosphere and the sea water. Although the plant concept discussed in the paper uses well-established technology, plant performance including economy is innovatively and evolutionally improved. Nothing is new in the hardware but everything is new in the performance.     

核动力系统冗余泵组的可靠性研究

根据核动力系统中设备冷却泵的工作状态,将冗余泵组的中止回阀看成两个冗余阀,得出简化的可靠性分析框图,并建立泵组的可靠性分析模型.以核动力装置设备冷却泵组为例,分别计算泵组在3种情况下的可靠度.计算结果表明,冗余泵组比单个泵工作的可靠性高,但冗余泵组中泵和阀之间的相关失效削弱了泵组的可靠性.     

干熄焦锅炉炉管失效机理分析

通过对干熄焦锅炉炉管及腐蚀产物开展系统研究,提出炉管失效原因为氧化/硫腐蚀＋高温粉尘冲刷。长寿命炉管仅耐磨层发生了较为严重的氧化及硫腐蚀,而近基体层发生了轻微氧化及硫腐蚀,基体只发生了轻微氧化;短寿命炉管耐磨层、近基体层以及基体裂纹内均发生了较为严重的氧化及硫腐蚀,且存在珠光体球化、内表面产生全脱碳层等缺陷。推测短寿命炉管存在超温现象,而超温可加剧氧化及硫腐蚀反应。此外,短寿命炉管遭受了较为严重的高温粉尘冲刷,不仅可造成炉管减薄,还会导致炉管表面温度升高。因此,减少循环气体中粉尘量尤其是大颗粒,可有效减弱冲刷以及控制炉管表面温度,是提高炉管使用寿命的关键。     

基于模糊综合评判和层次分析法的中子管故障风险评估

中子管是一种用途广泛的关键部件,然而目前国产中子管的可靠性水平与国外相比还有一定差距,难以满足各行业的使用需求。本文分析了中子管的主要故障模式,采用模糊综合评判和层次分析法对中子管故障进行了多级模糊综合评判,并对中子管故障风险进行了评估。结果表明,中子管总体故障风险水平中等,故障风险前3位的部件为靶、氘氚储存器和加速极,在设计和使用中应重点关注靶释放氦气,靶膜氧化,氘氚储存器吸气剂局部破损,绝缘瓷管破损,加速极离子加速、聚焦不稳定等故障。     

防振条约束失效对蒸汽发生器传热管面内流弹失稳的影响研究

根据防振条布置以及面内支承连续失效个数,将防振条面内约束失效分析划分为多种工况,分析了不同工况下面内约束失效对传热管面内模态的影响,采用各位置阻尼在振型函数上进行加权平均的方法计算了各阶模态的阻尼比,进而研究了防振条面内不同约束对传热管面内流弹失稳的影响。分析结果表明,随着面内支承连续失效位置的增多,弯管段面内首阶模态频率不断降低,出现在弯管段的振型越加明显;弯管段面内首阶模态不一定是最大流弹失稳比值出现的模态,最大流弹失稳比值出现模态的振型几乎都出现在弯管段;随着面内支承连续失效位置的增多,面内流弹失稳比值不断增大,当连续3个及以上防振条面内约束失效时,将出现流弹失稳现象。     

ANSYS二次开发在某新型闩体失效机理分析中的应用

某新型火炮闩体在试验过程中出现了开裂破坏,用传统静力分析方法无法给出结构破坏的合理解释。应用ANSYS有限元分析软件的二次开发语言APDL,开发了在后坐缓冲弹簧作用下闩体后坐过程计算命令流程序,通过对该闩体后坐及缓冲弹簧压缩到极限位置动态过程仿真计算,结果表明,在弹簧压缩到极限位置时刻应力水平较高,高应力区位置与试验破坏位置一致,对闩体失效机理给出了较完满的解释,为结构设计进一步改进提供了正确的理论依据。