飞秒激光不锈钢表面陷光微结构的制备与性能研究

利用飞秒激光在高真空环境下,在316L不锈钢表面两次交叉扫描制备了周期性微纳结构,并研究了微纳结构对波长范围200~900nm的光波的吸收增强能力。样品表面微结构形貌与成分采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪测试。第1次扫描采用高能流激光,获得了微米级锥状钉结构,表面覆盖了典型的激光诱导周期性表面结构(LIPSS)。然后将样品旋转90°,采用能流为0.02J/cm2的激光进行第2次扫描,路径与第1次扫描相交。第1次扫描的结构中的LIPSS被第2次低能流激光打断纳米颗粒,从而与锥状钉结构结合形成双尺度微结构。反射率测试结果表明,这种双尺度微结构表面的平均反射率约为2.28%,为光滑表面平均反射率的3.42%。结合XRD分析结果,不锈钢表面获得强陷光性能主要归因于飞秒激光制备的微结构。     

Decrease in laser ablation threshold for epithelial tissue microsurgery in a living Drosophila embryo during dorsal closure

In this work, we use a two‐photon fluorescence microscope for combined imaging and laser tissue ablation of a living Drosophila Melanogaster embryo. By using tightly focused near‐infrared femtosecond pulses at MHz repetition rate and of sub‐nanojoule energy we are able to produce microsurgery on the epithelial tissue within a Drosophila embryo at the final stages of its embryonic development. Ablation was performed on labelled and unlabelled embryos during and after dorsal closure. We observed that ablation of GFP‐labelled tissue required lower energy deposition than unlabelled tissue ensuring that the tissue ablation is mediated by multiphoton absorption of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). In addition, the energy deposition to produce ablation is further decreased during dorsal closure. These results show the presence of additional tensile forces on the tissue during dorsal closure. Furthermore, an increased activity of actin near the laser wounds was observed as the tissue heals.     

Effects of Window Size on Accuracy and Spatial Resolution in Windowed Phase‐Shifting Digital Holographic Interferometry1

Abstract: Phase‐shifting digital holographic interferometry is a new method to measure displacement distribution on the surface of an object. Usually holography has speckle noise, which leads to a large error in the analysis of displacement and strain distributions. We previously proposed windowed phase‐shifting digital holographic interferometry (windowed PSDHI). The use of this method leads to accurate displacement analysis, decreasing the effect of speckle patterns. However, noise reduction involves a defect, which renders the spatial resolution low. In this paper, by comparing the conventional noise reduction method using spatial averaging with the windowed PSDHI on spatial resolution, the effectiveness of noise reduction is discussed.     

Identification of Specimen Position and Orientation Using Standard Deviation of Intensity in Phase‐Shifting Digital Holography1

Abstract: Phase‐shifting digital holography is a useful method to measure the displacement distribution and the strain distribution of an object surface. The complex amplitude distribution of an object surface is obtained as the complex amplitude distribution at a reconstruction distance. It is, however, difficult to measure the reconstruction distance by actual measurement. We discovered that the standard deviation of the intensity on the reconstructed image becomes the maximum value when the reconstruction distance is the same as the actual optical path length. The displacement distributions are obtained for the x‐, y‐ and z‐directions. When the normal direction of an object surface inclines from the z‐direction, the displacements defined on the xyz‐coordinate system should be transformed into the object coordinate system. It is, therefore, required to develop a measurement method of the orientation of the object to obtain the parameters for transforming from the xyz‐coordinate system into the object coordinate system. In this paper, the method to identify the position and the orientation of a specimen using the standard deviation of the intensity distribution is proposed.     

应用800nm飞秒激光制备长周期光纤光栅

利用800 nm钛蓝宝石飞秒激光器制备了长周期光纤光栅,并实验验证了长周期光纤光栅的高温特性.基于摄像头和电动位移平台设计了激光精确对准光纤纤芯的方案;以计算机控制1.3 mW飞秒激光,使用逐点曝光法在未经载氢处理的光纤上刻写了长周期光纤光栅,实验显示该光栅在1 200～1 700 nm波段的主谐振峰值可达-17 dB.利用高温箱对长周期光纤光栅进行高温传感特性实验,在300～800℃得到的主谐振峰温度响应灵敏度为0.056 nm/℃,线性度为0.992.实验结果表明,提出的以800 nm钛蓝宝石飞秒激光器制备长周期光纤光栅的方法稳定可靠,写制的光栅在高温环境下变化均匀,不易退化,响应特性良好,适用于高温检测.     

光学元件表面的数字全息在线检测

针对光学元件表面质量在线检测的特点,设计了基于数字全息的三维再现检测系统.该系统采用离轴光路,避开了被测元件的光轴,在数字全息再现过程中应用倾斜相差补偿技术去除了由于离轴检测引入的倾斜相位畸变.在检测过程中,利用围绕光轴旋转被测元件的方法来改变入射照明光方向矢量和相应的观察方向,实现了多照明矢量合成孔径技术的应用,扩展了系统的检测距离,提高了系统分辨率.同时,多照明角度下检测数据的叠加,还有效地抑制了检测过程中出现的散斑噪声对结果准确度的影响.通过对分辨率板、高精度玻璃反射镜的检测实验,验证了该系统在光学元件表面检测中的作用.当记录距离为40 cm时,其分辨率能够达到10 μm,满足光学元件表面检测的需要.     

飞秒激光切割与微细电阻滑焊组合制备三维金属微结构

提出了一种采用飞秒激光切割结合微细电阻滑焊制备3D金属微结构的工艺方法(微型化双工位金属箔叠层制造法,(Micro-DLOM)),并通过制备具有复杂形状的3D微型腔模具验证了该工艺方法的可行性。首先,以厚度为10μm的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔为基材,在110mW的飞秒激光功率、100μm/s的切割速度和0.75μm的切割补偿量下获得二维微结构,并分析了激光功率和切割速度对切割精度的影响;然后,利用微细电阻滑焊对多层二维微结构进行热扩散焊接,通过多层二维微结构的叠加拟合形成具有曲面特征的微型腔,并对焊接区进行了X射线衍射(XRD)分析。分析发现:微细电阻滑焊所产生的热量仅使焊接区主要物相的相对含量发生了变化,而没有使该区域产生新的物相。与UV-LIGA工艺相比,本工艺可以加工具有自由曲面特征的三维微结构,并且单层钢箔越薄,成形精度越高;与飞秒激光分层平面扫描烧蚀工艺相比,本工艺仅需切割每层二维结构的轮廓,提高了成形效率;与微细电火花加工工艺相比,虽然所成形的微型腔表面粗糙度相对较差,但却省去了制备微电极的工艺步骤,并且不存在微电极工作过程中的损耗问题,所以可以加工深宽比不受限制的微模具。     

绿敏光致聚合物的脉冲全息记录性能增强研究

对绿敏聚乙烯醇／丙烯酰胺体系的光致聚合物材料开展了光敏剂浓度、单脉冲能量密度、脉冲重复频率、非相干光预曝光等参数优化及脉冲全息记录性能增强研究,发现曙红Y染料浓度为3×10-5w／v时需要310mJ／cm2的曝光量可达到79％的衍射效率,单脉冲能量密度为0．35mJ／cm2时仅需122．5mJ／cm2的曝光量即可获得92％的衍射效率,提高脉冲激光重复频率及采用非相干预曝光对材料的最大衍射效率无明显提高,但可以有效提高材料的感光灵敏度,预曝光量为50mJ／cm2时可将光致聚合物材料的感光灵敏度从105nd／cm2提高到52．5mJ／cm2。     

基于小波变换的太赫兹数字全息成像自动聚焦算法

自动聚焦技术是实现数字全息成像快速、准确再现的关键技术之一。在分析聚焦和离焦过程中小波变换高频和低频系数变化特点的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的聚焦判据函数。采用无噪声和被噪声污染的模拟太赫兹(THz)数字全息图,比较分析了这种聚焦判据函数和五种经典的数字全息聚焦判据函数的性能,给出了综合评价。仿真结果表明：同五种经典聚焦判据函数相比,基于小波变换的聚焦评价函数具有更好的单峰性、更高的主峰锐度和极佳的抗噪性,是一种性能优越的THz数字全息成像自动聚焦判据函数。     

数字全息技术在温度场测量中的应用

温度的微小变化必然会引起空气折射率的微小变化,进而影响通过该区域光的相位。采用迈克耳孙干涉仪与数字全息技术相结合的技术方案,实现对温度场分布的测量。借助数字视频技术,该技术架构可直接推广用于测量透明介质的流场分布及变化过程,如气流或水流中的密度分布以及变化过程等。