接枝改性腈纶织物亲水性能的研究

采用酰胺类亲水性单体对腈纶织物接枝改性,利用正交试验法对溶胀剂、乳化剂、引发剂的种类和用量进行了选择。结果表明,选择溶胀剂NaSCN 0．8 g／L,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠0．4g／L,引发剂BPO 0．4 g／L,接枝改性效果较好。腈纶织物的吸湿率由0．2％提高至5．0％,保水率由3％提高至13％。     

2.5维编织结构纤维体积含量的数值计算

2．5维编织是近年来发展起来的一种新型编织技术，有着较广阔的工程应用前景。本文以最典型的2．5维结构为例，讨论了该种结构的单元体模型．推导出了单元体内纤维体积含量的计算公式，并用实验对计算数值进行了验证，最后指出了该计算方法的应用范围。     

PVA纤维混凝土力学参数间的相关关系

对高强高模聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维混凝土材料进行大量标准材性试验，并在此基础上研究了PVA纤维混凝土各种常见力学参数之间的关系，为更好、更方便的应用PVA纤维混凝土打下基础；研究表明，相对于普通混凝土材料，加入PVA纤维的混凝土材料各种参数之间的关系稍微改变，随纤维含量的变化也有所变化。     

Transient Thermal Deformations of the Interphase in Polymer Composites

Heterodyne micro-interferometry was utilized to measure out-of-plane transient displacements in the interphase due to thermal cycling. In-situ measurements were made on single carbon fiber/epoxy samples with interphases of varying glass transition temperature. Interphase properties were tailored such that one set of samples had fibers which were coated with a low T_g resin, another set had a higher T_g coating, and in the third set the fibers were uncoated. The interferometric data demonstrated that interphase T_g has a significant effect on the rate and magnitude of the thermal deformations at the fiber/matrix interface. The presence of a low T_g interphase caused an increase in the magnitude of the thermal displacements due to a local softening of the matrix and increase in coefficient of thermal expansion. In addition, the rate at which the displacements increase was also higher due to the reduction in T_g. Samples with untreated fibers (no tailored interphase) behaved as if a low T_g interphase had formed. Experimental displacement profiles were also compared with finite element predictions to assess the behavior of the tailored interphases.     

强声场在离子交换纤维处理含氰废水中的应用

为了强化纤维对于含氰废水中氰阴离子的吸附性能,采用静态实验研究方法,把功率超声用于离子交换纤维的吸附过程。实验结果表明,功率超声的空化作用能破坏金属氰配合物键,从而改变含氰废水的化学性质,另外也可缩短吸附平衡时间,强化纤维的吸附过程,使总氰的吸附率可提高5%左右;功率超声对不同金属氰配合物离子的强化效果是不同的,对铜氰络离子的强化效果要强于铁氰、锌氰络离子,所以功率超声可以强化纤维的吸附过程。     

新型挂膜纤维材料的研究

采用组合填料并选用合适的挂膜纤维,对城市生活污水及实验室自配原水进行处理。结果表明:处理后出水稳定,化学需氧量CODcr去除率高,平均CODcr去除率在75%￣80%;改善填料的亲水性能有利于提高出水水质,选用的聚丙烯腈纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维在同等处理条件下的处理效率分别高出参照纤维聚丙烯6.9%和2.9%;增大纤维的比表面积,CODcr的去除率提高,但比表面积的提高应以保证纤维的分散性为前提。     

含纳米组装高分子的抗静电纤维

用化学方法制得含纳米组装高分子的抗静电剂，将其与聚酯切片共混纺丝，制得永久性抗静电聚酯纤维。用DTA，显微镜等研究了抗静电剂及抗静电纤维的结构、性能。当抗静电剂质量分数为0.6%时，纤维的抗静电性、耐洗涤性优良、稳定。初步探讨了纤维的抗静电作用机理。     

连续纤维补强陶瓷复合材料

本文论述了连续纤维补强陶瓷复合材料的性能、结构、特点、种类及主要制备方法,提出了这类材料亟待解决的问题     

Influence of Matrix Properties on Fragmentation Test

Physical aging was used to vary the mechanical properties of model single fiber composites without changing the chemistry at the interface in order to study how property changes affect the measurement of interfacial adhesion by the fragmentation test. The properties of epoxy matrix/AS4 single fiber composites driven to full cure (T_g = 166°C) are altered by annealing below T_g. Neat resin samples with identical thermal histories are tested. All aged panels show roughly the same embrittlement with aging characterized by an average 30% decrease in tensile failure strain and 7.3% increase in compressive yield relative to quenched samples. Fragmentation results indicated no change between aged and quenched samples. Results are discussed in terms of micromechanics models for the fragmentation test. Strain at fragmentation increased with aging. This was related to the residual stress state in the model composite and the possibility of the zero stress state of the single fiber composites increasing with thermal annealing.     

粘合性能对短纤维-氯丁橡胶复合材料耐热性的影响

该文以尼龙短纤维为例研究了短纤维的不同用量及其粘合性能对短纤维-CR复合材料的力学性能和耐热老化性能的影响；并研究了尼龙短纤维-CR复合材料的耐溶胀性能。实验结果表明：随着尼龙短纤维用量的增加，短纤维-CR复合材料的硬度、撕裂强度、20％定伸应力不断提高；短纤维与橡胶基质的粘合好，耐溶胀性能明显提高，对橡胶的补强效果更好，复合材料的耐热老化性能提高。