川深1井钻井液关键技术

川深1井是中石化部署在川东北地区的一口超深预探井,完钻井深为8420.00 m。该井面临着井温高、地层条件复杂、地质资料少及井壁易失稳等诸多技术难点。针对高密度钻井液技术难点,通过室内实验优选出抗高温处理剂:2% SPNH、2% SMP-3、0.5% SMPFL（DSP-1）、3% SMT（SMS-H）、3% RHJ-3、1% HPA、3%纳米SiO₂。通过钻井液体系正交实验得出了流变性好、抑制性强、抗温性强、沉降稳定性好、抗污染能力强的高密度聚磺钻井液,并在该井四开井段取得了成功应用。最后,对现场应用过程中的钻井液关键技术进行了系统的阐述,如气液转换技术、特殊地层处理方法、钻井液的现场维护技术措施及保护油气层技术等,主要取得以下认识:①加重时循环混入低黏度切力的高密度钻井液,逐步降低膨润土含量;②通过固控设备严格控制固相含量;③钻遇盐膏层时可提高钻井液密度,并严格控制滤失量,保证钻井液pH值不低于10;④酸性地层可适量提高Cl-含量对钻井液进行预处理提高其抗盐性能;⑤破碎地层须提高钻井液密度并加入相应处理剂,从力化耦合角度防止井壁失稳;⑥易漏地层应严格控制钻井液密度,适当减少排量及提高黏度和切力,可加入不同粒径可酸化的封堵材料,进行屏蔽暂堵。      

钻井液用淀粉微球降滤失剂的制备及性能评价

针对常规的淀粉类处理剂抗温能力不足的缺点,以可溶性淀粉为原料,N-羟基琥珀亚酰胺（NHC）为交联剂,采用乳液聚合方法,合成了一种环保型淀粉微球。采用傅立叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析仪、Nanobrook粒度-Zeta电位测试仪等对其进行表征。实验分别评价了,其在淡水基浆、盐水基浆和氯化钙基浆中的降滤失性能,并考察其抗温能力。实验表明,新研制的淀粉微球颗粒大小较均匀,呈圆球状,粒径约为50 nm,热稳定性好;150℃热滚后,加入1%淀粉微球,可分别使4%膨润土基浆、10%盐水基浆、1% CaCl₂基浆的API滤失量分别下降70%、55%和60%。且对钻井液流变性影响较小,在降滤失能力、抗温和抗盐方面均优于常规的淀粉类降滤失剂。      

海上气田压力衰竭储层长水平段安全钻井控制技术

南海西部海域东方某气田Y平台采取浅层大位移水平井模式开发莺歌海组二段浅部气藏,储层埋深在井深1300m左右,最大水平位移为3783 m,最高水垂比为2.73。该气田经过十几年的开采,储层存在一定程度压力衰竭。同时,Y平台水平段穿过断层,钻进期间漏失风险高。在前期的一些开发井作业中,储层段钻进时曾多次发生井漏等复杂情况。因此,针对以往开发难题和结合Y平台的地层特点,进一步改良屏蔽暂堵无固相钻井液体系,配套环空ECD实时监测与精细控制工艺,成功解决了该区域储层漏失难题。Y平台实施的5口井提效显著,φ215.9 mm水平井段平均机械钻速为77.27 m/h,创造了东方区域类似浅部气藏大位移水平井的作业纪录。储层保护效果好,测试产量超油藏配产25%。      

Workload Distribution in Fault Simulation

Simulation at the gate level is computationally very expensive.Parallel processing is one technique to reduce simulation time.Possessing knowledge of the distribution of computational activity insimulation can aid in parallelizing it efficiently. We present a newcharacterization of the distribution of the computational workload infault simulation. An empirical analysis shows that the workloaddistribution is circuit specific, and is largely independent of thevector set being simulated. An inexpensive method to predict theworkload distribution is also discussed.     

超临界CO2萃取新疆紫草萘醌得率的响应曲面分析

本文通过二次回归正交设计得到了超临界二氧化碳萃取新疆紫草得率与温度和压力关系的回归方程并进行得率的响应曲面分析。结果表明：回归方程能较好预测萃取得率；通过响应曲面分析预测在27MPa，35℃条件下，紫草萘醌得率为4．1％～4．6％。     

Polymerization and Mechanical Degradation Kinetics of Gluten and Glutenin at Extruder Melt-Section Temperatures and Shear Rates

Thermal polymerization and mechanical degradation rates were measured for wheat gluten and glutenin at 25–30% moisture. Changes in soluble protein and disulfide bonds were measured at 85°C to 180°C, residence times of 2–60 set and shear rates of 10–275 sec^-l. Polyrnerization rates without shear were evaluated using isothermal analysis. An extrusion rheometer was used to simulate extruder conditions to determine the combined polymerization-degradation rates. Molecular weight distributions of soluble reaction products were determined using liquid size exclusion chromatography. Activation energies were 0.60–2.1 kcal/ mol, 2.0–8.2 kcal/mol, and 0.50–0.90 kcaVmo1 and reaction orders were 0.5–2.0, 0.8–1.5, and 0.6–0.7, respectively for polymerization without shear, polymerization with shear, and degradation.     

柔索驱动并联机器人动力学建模与数值仿真

柔索驱动并联机器人采用柔索代替连杆作为驱动元件,并结合了并联机构和柔索驱动的优点。500 m口径大射电望远镜(Five-hundred meter aperture spherical radio telescope, FAST)粗调系统通过6根索长的协调变化使馈源舱作跟踪射电源的6自由度运动,其工作特点与并联机器人类似,因此可被看作柔索驱动并联机器人。基于此,根据FAST 5 m缩比试验模型,首先应用悬链线解析表达式推导出柔索两端固定时索端拉力与索长之间的关系,用于求解特定长度的驱动柔索对处于某一位姿的馈源舱的作用力。其次,对该舱索系统进行逆运动学分析,采用拉格朗日方程建立柔索驱动并联机器人的逆动力学模型。最后,针对FAST 5 m缩比模型的设计方案进行动力学仿真,数值结果表明该动力学建模是合理的。     

涡旋压缩机动静涡旋盘专用测量机

基于涡旋盘型线设计的原理模型及精密加工,设计了涡旋压缩机动静涡旋盘专用测量机,该测量机可以快速测量出动静涡旋盘的轮廓度误差,可直接用于生产加工现场工件的测量和计量事计量。能有效地减少涡旋盘在加工中的废品率。     

平面二自由度冗余并联机器人同步控制

针对冗余并联机构变结构、工作空间较小和各关节存在强耦合性的特点,笔者提出一种冗余并联机器人同步控制方法。由于工作空间小,笔者方法将惯性矩阵和离心力矩阵取为定值用于前馈控制,使得末点位置不需要测量。同时为了抑制惯性力矩阵和离心力矩阵取为定值带来的模型误差,通过引入同步误差和耦合误差,不仅使关节误差减小而且提高了它们之间的同步性,并基于Lyapunov稳定性理论分析证明所提出控制算法的稳定性。最后,通过平面2自由度冗余并联实验台实验证明该控制方法是有效的。     

Mechanics unloading analysis and experimentation of a new type of parallel biomimetic shoulder complex

The structure design for high ratio of carrying capacity to deadweight is one of the challenges for the bionic mechanism, while the problem concerning high carrying capacity has not yet be solved for the existing shoulder complex. A new type biomimetic shoulder complex, which adopts 3-PSS/S(P for prismatic pair, S for spherical pair) spherical parallel mechanism (SPM), is proposed. The static equilibrium equations of each component are established by using the vector method and the equations for constrain forces with certain load are solved. Then the constrain force on the middle limb and that on the side limbs are compared in order to verify the unloading performance of the mechanism. In addition, the prototype mechanism of the shoulder complex is developed, and the force feedback experiment is conducted to verify the static analysis, which indicates that the middle limb suffers most of the external force and the effect of mechanics unloading is achieved. The 3-PSS/S spherical parallel mechanism is presented for the shoulder complex, and the realization of mechanics unloading is benefit for the improvement of the carrying capacity of the shoulder complex.