FAK in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed and activated in many cancer types. FAK regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth factor signaling, cell cycle progression, cell survival, cell motility, angiogenesis, and the establishment of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments through kinase-dependent and kinase-independent scaffolding functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mounting evidence has indicated that targeting FAK, either alone or in combination with other agents, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying FAK-mediated signaling networks during tumor development. We also summarize the recent progress of FAK-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity from preclinical and clinical evidence.     

Whole-mount preparations of mouse lens epithelium for the fluorescent cytological study of actin

A technique is given for the preparation of a sheet of epithelial cells from the capsule of the crystalline lens. A new method is described for fixation and staining with fluorescent phalloidin or actin antibody in order to localize the actin cytoskeleton in this tissue. Optical section of the preparation resolves such actin features as apical polygonal arrays, sequestered actin bundles, perinuclear actin aggregates, observed here for the first time, and filamentous networks in the basal region of the cell. This method is superior to previous ones in its ability to preserve actin-abundant sectors distinctively.     

Correlation between structural and optical properties of 30 nm and 60 nm lead sulfide nanowires

PbS nanowires with 30 nm and 60 nm diameter fabricated under the same condition of electrochemical deposition with sulfuric and oxalic anodic alumina membranes (AAM), respectively, have been successfully prepared in order to study their optical properties in relation to their size. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that the 60 nm PbS nanowire arrays have the same shape with the 30 nm. X-ray diffraction result shows that 60 nm PbS nanowires are crystalline and have a highly (200) preferential orientation like 30 nm ones. UV spectrum considers the nanowire size decrease as the absorption peak shifts to the blue. The quantum confinement effects compared between 30 nm and 60 nm PbS nanowire arrays were observed by the measurements of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis).     

Romberg integration using systolic arrays

A systolic array is presented to improve numerical approximations to integrals using Richardson's extrapolation procedure in the form of Romberg integration. Two designs are presented, the first is an intuitive linear systolic array, the second, a systolic ring using approximately 1/3 of the cells of the first array. Both systolic arrays have a computation time of 3n cycles, which is a significant improvement on the O(n²) steps required to construct the extrapolation table sequentially.     

液晶微透镜阵列研究进展

液晶微透镜阵列是基于微透镜光子技术和液晶技术而发展起来的学科交叉研究领域。就液晶微透镜阵列的工作原理、主要设计方法及其研究进展进行了论述,并对微透镜阵列的发展趋势及尚待解决的问题进行了总结。     

高温气冷堆舱室抗商用飞机撞击的耦合数值分析

本文建立了大型商用飞机撞击典型高温气冷堆核电站反应堆舱室的非线性有限元模型,计算中混凝土舱室直接采用工程用钢筋混凝土的损伤塑性本构模型,飞机结构采用Johnson-Cook本构模型。对飞机高速撞击高温气冷堆核电站反应堆舱室非线性撞击过程进行模拟计算,得出正面和侧面撞击条件下的撞击载荷曲线、撞击位移云图、反应堆舱室混凝土破坏情况等结果。评估表明,反应堆舱室结构在撞击条件下的整体损伤微小,可为保护内部关键设备提供重要的屏障功能。     

角部重叠菱形组合平面的复杂高层建筑结构设计

介绍了上海市区某幢具有角部重叠菱形组合平面、45°斜交抗侧力构件、转换层等特点的复杂高层建筑结构设计,探讨其平立面结构选型、结构布置、结构分析与构造处理特点,比较了选用两种不同力学模型的有限元分析设计软件按振型分解反应谱法进行结构整体受力及楼板应力分析结果.以及采用弹性时程分析法进行的补充计算结果.最后总结提出了解决此类复杂高层建筑结构设计关键问题的主要方法和思路:控制上下层刚度比、实现刚度周边化、合理对称布置斜交抗侧力构件、加强洞口周边构件缓解应力集中等.     

基于微平面模型的混凝土本构矩阵

在Zdenek P Baant等人提出的微平面模型的基础上,提出了确定混凝土本构矩阵的逐步拟合方法.给出了基于微平面的应力-应变刚度矩阵,并采用逐步拟合法根据试验数据给出了微平面上应力-应变关系函数的量化形式.模型基于单轴试验数据进行拟合,可用于计算材料的多轴本构关系,也可用来进行隐式分析.