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81.
K. Konstantinov N. Balchev G. Gyurov I. Stambolova I. Khristova 《Journal of Superconductivity》1993,6(6):381-386
The superconducting properties and the phase and chemical composition of Bi
x
Pb0.3Sb0.1Sr
y
Ca2Cu3Oz (x=1.5, 1.6, and 1.7;y=1.9, 2.0, and 2.1) materials synthesized by one-step and multistep thermal treatments have been investigated. The multistep annealing between 825–875°C promotes the 2223 phase. The change of Bi concentration has little effect on the 2223 phase formation, regardless of the kind of thermal treatment used, but increasing the Sr concentration (y> 2) strongly inhibits this phase. It has also been established that the loss of Pb after synthesis depends on the initial Bi concentration. The loss of Pb decreases when the initial Bi content is lower. 相似文献
82.
相转移催化合成芳基烷基醚 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
报道了以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,简便地合成了10个芳基烷基醚,反应几乎是定量地快速进行。 相似文献
83.
84.
Interest in advanced modulation formats for optical communication systems has so far experienced two major waves. The first one was motivated by the potential to enhance receiver sensitivity of thermal noise-limited systems using coherent detection in combination with phase shift keying. It ended with the advent of optical amplification, enabling high sensitivities together with polarization insensitive, simple and stable direct detection. The second wave is still rolling, fueled by the potential of advanced modulation formats to increase robustness of optical transmission systems against signal distortions. Due to performance limitations given by direct detection and nonlinear effects in the transmission fiber, it is not decided yet, whether there will be widespread application in carrier networks. 相似文献
85.
86.
H. Ji D. Chopp J. E. Dolbow 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,54(8):1209-1233
A hybrid numerical method for modelling the evolution of sharp phase interfaces on fixed grids is presented. We focus attention on two‐dimensional solidification problems, where the temperature field evolves according to classical heat conduction in two subdomains separated by a moving freezing front. The enrichment strategies of the eXtended Finite Element Method (X‐FEM) are employed to represent the jump in the temperature gradient that governs the velocity of the phase boundary. A new approach with the X‐FEM is suggested for this class of problems whereby the partition of unity is constructed with C1(Ω) polynomials and enriched with a C0(Ω) function. This approach leads to jumps in temperature gradient occurring only at the phase boundary, and is shown to significantly improve estimates for the front velocity. Temporal derivatives of the temperature field in the vicinity of the phase front are obtained with a projection that employs discontinuous enrichment. In conjunction with a finer finite difference grid, the Level Set method is used to represent the evolution of the phase interface. An iterative procedure is adopted to satisfy the constraints on the temperature field on the phase boundary. The robustness and utility of the method is demonstrated with several benchmark problems of phase transformation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
We have used x-ray phase analysis to study the composition of the products of reaction between oxygen and nanocrystalline
powders with particle sizes 15, 40, 55, and 80 nm, and also specimens pressed (and sintered) from them. The powders were oxidized
in air at 100°C (400 h) to 500°C (5 min), while the sintered specimens were oxidized at 600–900°C for 15, 120, and 240 min.
In all cases, in the initial oxidation step the oxynitride Ti(OxNy) is formed, which over time is oxidized to TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5, TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (rutile). In the range 600–800°C, formation of a continuous oxide layer and conversion of anatase to rutile slows down diffusion
of oxygen in the scale. We have established that at 900°C, the growth rate of the scale thickness increases and so the reflections
from the oxynitride are barely noticeable on the diffraction patterns taken from the surface of the oxidized specimen. In
these diffraction patterns, along with strong reflections from the rutile, we also observed weak reflections from lower oxides
and anatase, which may be due to reaction between oxygen and the titanium ions diffused to the scale surface. We have concluded
that at T > 850°C, the mechanism for oxidation of TiN changes. This is due to superposition of counterdiffusion of titanium
ions on the diffusion of oxygen.
__________
Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(448), pp. 72–78, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
88.
相电流差突变量选相元件在单回线故障中具有良好的选相性能,但在同杆双回线跨线故障中可能误选相。利用六序故障分量的分析方法,分析了相电流突变量在同杆双回线跨线故障中的幅值和相位特征,给出了其相位比相方程。在此基础上,提出了一种运用测量阻抗和方向元件相结合的综合选相方法,并给出了选相流程图。仿真结果表明,在双回线简单故障和跨线故障时,基于单回线单端电气量的同杆并架双回线综合选相方法具有较理想的选相性能。 相似文献
89.
V. G. Khoruzhaya K. E. Kornienko P. S. Martsenyuk T. Ya. Velikanova 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》2006,45(5-6):251-258
Methods of differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis and electron probe microanalysis are
used to study alloys of the Al-Rh system over the whole concentration range. It is established that the phase of equiatomic
composition AlRh melts congruently at 2060°C and it has an extended range of homogeneity (45.1–54.2 at.% Rh). The solubility
of aluminum in rhodium reaches 9 at.%, decreasing to 6 at.% at 850°C. Coordinates are determined for the eutectic point l
⇆ AlRh + 〈Rh〉 as 70 at.% Rh and 1715°C. The existence of intermediate phases, their crystal structure, and also the method
of forming phases in the field of composition rich in aluminum given in publications are confirmed.
__________
Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(449), pp. 48–56, May–June, 2006. 相似文献
90.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERI- MENT OF UNSTEADY THERMAL FIELD OF ROTOR PLATE FOR EDDY CURRENT RETARDER 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
LIU Chengye HE Ren 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2008,21(4):71-75
The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder. 相似文献