煤气化焦油加氢过程中脱氮及结焦的研究

在对气化焦油加氢过程中脱氨和预热器的结焦难题的研究中发现，原料油中的多环芳香烃因具有碱性，是影响脱氮反应的主要因素，采用缓和条件下的预饱和加氢反应，能除去多环芳香烃，使原料油一次加氢精制达到符合加氢裂解原料的要求．在加氢催化剂和氢压的存在下，完成原料油的升温过程，破坏了原料油结焦的外部条件，有效地解决了预热过程的结焦难题．     

新型碳三馏分液相加氢催化剂PEC-31的工业应用

介绍了中国石油石油化工研究院自主开发的新型碳三馏分加氢催化剂PEC-31在中国石油兰州石化公司24万t/a乙烯装置稳定运行超过200 d的首次工业应用情况。结果表明:在加氢反应器入口碳三馏分物料中的甲基乙炔（MA）和丙二烯（PD）混合物（MAPD）体积分数为 2.0%～3.5%,氢气与丙炔&丙二烯的摩尔比为1.00～1.50,反应器入口温度为32 ℃,碳三馏分物料的液相体积空速为40～45 h-1的工况下,PEC-31催化剂作用下的MAPD转化率、丙烯选择性相应均值分别为98.50%,80.10%。     

基于能量及原油物性定量分析的原油乳化含水率预测模型

 原油-水两相体系的乳化特性与原油物性密切相关,以流动状态下的原油乳化含水率来表征原油-水两相体系的乳化特性,针对高含水原油-水两相体系,通过实验研究了乳化过程消耗的机械能对原油乳化含水率的影响。研究表明,不同剪切条件下的原油乳化含水率可以与消耗的机械能进行定量关联,并且可以采用幂律关系式进行描述,该关系式中的2个待定参数与原油物性密切相关。确定了用沥青质胶质含量、蜡含量、机械杂质含量、原油酸值、原油全烃平均碳数这5个典型参数来表征原油物性。通过回归分析,建立了待定参数与原油物性之间的定量关系,从而确定了原油乳化含水率的预测模型,即φE=c₁E^c2。     

Sensitivity analysis on globularized fraction of α lamellae in titanium alloys

The sensitivity analysis functions on globularized fraction of α lamellae were established using a physically-based microstructure model and gradient method. These functions were applied to the sensitivity analysis on globularized fraction of α lamellae in TC17 alloy. The material constants in these functions are determined using the genetic algorithm-based objective optimization technique. The globularized fraction of α lamellae during isothermal compression of TC17 alloy was quantitatively analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The results show that α lamellae mostly change to equiaxed α grains at a deformation temperature of 1083 K, a strain rate of 0.01 s^?1 and a strain of 1.2. The globularized fraction decreases with increasing strain rate because lower strain rate provides enough time for the spheroidization. The effect of deformation temperature on the globularized fraction is controlled by the strain rate. And, the predicted derivations of globularized fraction with respect to processing parameters show good agreement with the experimental values.     

ACME台架蒸汽发生器传热特性数值模拟

以ACME台架的蒸汽发生器（SG）为研究对象,SG二次侧选用两流体模型,采用计算流体力学软件CFX对ACME台架的SG进行了整体直接模拟。针对稳定试验工况进行了计算,得到了SG一、二次侧的温度分布,二次侧空泡份额分布及传热管的壁温等参数沿U型管高度方向的变化,获得了二次侧较详细的流动和传热特性。计算结果表明,从第2道折流板开始,折流板底部已积聚了部分气泡,随高度的增加,折流板底部积聚的气泡越多,在弯管区附近及以上区域,已全部变为蒸汽。本文计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

MSC Pretreatment for Improved Transplantation Viability Results in Improved Ventricular Function in Infarcted Hearts

Many clinical studies utilizing MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, or multipotential stromal cells) are underway in multiple clinical settings; however, the ideal approach to prepare these cells in vitro and to deliver them to injury sites in vivo with maximal effectiveness remains a challenge. Here, pretreating MSCs with agents that block the apoptotic pathways were compared with untreated MSCs. The treatment effects were evaluated in the myocardial infarct setting following direct injection, and physiological parameters were examined at 4 weeks post-infarct in a rat permanent ligation model. The prosurvival treated MSCs were detected in the hearts in greater abundance at 1 week and 4 weeks than the untreated MSCs. The untreated MSCs improved ejection fraction in infarcted hearts from 61% to 77% and the prosurvival treated MSCs further improved ejection fraction to 83% of normal. The untreated MSCs improved fractional shortening in the infarcted heart from 52% to 68%, and the prosurvival treated MSCs further improved fractional shortening to 77% of normal. Further improvements in survival of the MSC dose seems possible. Thus, pretreating MSCs for improved in vivo survival has implications for MSC-based cardiac therapies and in other indications where improved cell survival may improve effectiveness.     

A plant for high-speed melting of basalt rocks

Aplant for fast basalt melting has been built as an alternative to the existing type of melting plant. The design incorporates the latest refractories and thermal insulation materials, together with the latest high-speed burners and comprehensive automation of all the processes. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 103 – 105, April, 2009.     

一次氧化剂O2体积分数对富氧燃烧煤粉着火距离影响的数值模拟

对40 kW同轴射流富氧煤粉燃烧试验系统进行数值模拟,研究了在总体O2体积分数和氧化剂过量系数一定的条件下,不同一次氧化剂O2体积分数对同轴射流富氧燃烧煤粉着火距离的影响,分析了低一次氧化剂O2体积分数下富氧燃烧煤粉着火及火焰稳定性.结果表明:在总体O2体积分数为40％和氧化剂过量系数为1.15的条件下,当一次氧化剂O2体积分数为20.9％时,着火距离较小,为附着火焰;当一次氧化剂O2体积分数减小至14.6％、10.0％和5.5％时,着火距离明显增大,着火延迟,为分离火焰;适当提高二次氧化剂预热温度有利于低一次氧化剂O2体积分数下富氧燃烧的煤粉着火及火焰稳定.     

以二硅烷馏分为原料合成硅取代聚硅烷的研究

以二硅烷馏分为原料，加入格氏试剂，通过Si-C1键的重排反应，获得1，1-二氯一1，2，2，2一四甲基二硅烷；再进一步进行钠缩合反应，获得了硅取代聚硅烷(SPS)。用FT-IR、UV、^(29)Si NMR、TG等研究了该聚合物的分子组成、基本结构及其热稳定性。结果发现，格氏试剂的加入量决定了1，1-二氯一1，2，2，2-四甲基二硅烷的产率；反应时间对SPS的产率有较大影响，一般以4～5h为宜。