由按列单降矩阵给出的瓶颈TSP的一个迭代算法

本文给出了一个求解由按列单降矩阵(Matrices graded up its columns)给出的瓶颈旅行商问题(Bottleneck TSP)的迭代算法,证明了算法是可实现的且只需要多项式界的迭代时间。算法揭示了这类问题的一个极好性质,即任意2—邻域内的最优解必为同题的全局最优解。     

Porous hydroxyapatite coating on strong ceramic substrate fabricated by low density slip coating-deposition and coating-substrate co-sintering

This study aims at developing a process technique, which can deposit porous scaffold-like hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on strong ceramic substrates. As a first trial, micro-porous HA coatings on strong zirconia-based substrates are fabricated by the following technique—consisting of low-density HA-slip coating-deposition on the micro-porous substrates pre-sintered at 900 °C, and coating-substrate co-sintering at 1300 °C. The final co-sintering process ensures a strong bonding between the HA coating and the zirconia-based substrate after minimizing the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients by adding alumina in HA coating and HA in zirconia-based substrate. The presence of porosity in the HA coating also reduces the mismatch. HA decomposition during the co-sintering process is discussed.     

A study on the transition between neighbouring drum segregated bands and its application to functionally graded material production

The composition transitions between two neighbouring segregated bands in a rotating drum were studied using binary glass beads of 6 different size ratios. The concentration gradient of the coarser particles in the transition zone increased dramatically when the particle size ratio increased from 1.68 to 2.01 and then gradually decreased as the particle size ratio increased from 2.01 to 3.37. The concentration gradient profile could be explained by the differences of the dynamic angles of repose between the two components of the binary mixture. A novel, convenient and particulate-level composition controlled FGM processing method is proposed based on the transition zone structure between two neighbouring segregated bands. A Cu/Al₂O₃/Cu functionally graded material was successfully produced based on the proposed method using binary mixture of Cu and Al₂O₃ powders.     

铁路路堑高边坡的长期稳定评价方法及分级预警方法

在铁路建设与运维中,由于工程地质条件、自然及施工环境条件等因素影响,路堑高边坡安全一直是铁路工程重点关注的问题。针对铁路路堑高边坡的长期稳定性问题,详细分析了边坡的安全系数与变形关系、岩土体的长期强度与时间关系,建立了边坡安全系数-剪切变形-时间关系模型,提出长期稳定安全系数、变形速率幂次值、位限指数等3个路堑高边坡长期稳定性评价指标,以及高边坡安全稳定四级预警方法与高边坡安全稳定八级预警方法,并明确了不同预警等级下建议采取的应急处理措施。通过实际工程监测数据对铁路路堑高边坡瞬时稳定安全系数、长期稳定安全系数、长期累积变形状态进行系统分析,确定了该路堑高边坡的风险预警分级。     

微粘结级配碎石基层沥青路面结构分析

目的 找寻适应重、中交通等级的合理的微粘结级配碎石基层沥青路面结构.方法 拟定微粘结级配碎石沥青路面结构,利用有限元软件计算各结构参数变化对弯沉、沥青层底拉应力等设计指标的影响,给出适应重、中等级交通量的合理路面结构.结果 在重、中交通荷载作用下,推荐级配碎石上基层沥青路面级配碎石层厚度为12～20 cm,面层厚度为5～10 cm,半刚性基层厚度为15～ 20 cm.结论 在重、中交通荷载作用下,提高微粘结级配碎石模量,能很好地改善路面结构受力,合理的微粘结级配碎石基层能够在防治反射裂缝同时,较好地满足交通荷载需求.     

分级加载电压下考虑有效电势变化的软黏土电渗固结理论

分级加载电压技术能够有效延长电渗处理的时间,改善地基的处理效果并能有效降低能耗。在利用分级加载电压技术开展电渗试验时,随着土体的排水固结,土体各点的电势会发生明显的变化,这与现有的电渗固结理论假设土体各点电势保持不变有所差异。利用自主设计的电渗试验仪器开展了分级加载电压下的电渗室内试验,分析了电渗过程中土体有效电势变化的规律。基于该规律并结合Esrig固结理论建立了在阳极处不排水、阴极处排水条件下考虑土体有效电势变化的电渗固结理论,得到了分级加载电压条件下考虑土体有效电势变化的超静孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析表达式。研究表明,在电压分级加载过程中,土体有效电势变化规律表现为随时间先基本保持不变,后呈抛物线状先增后减。通过试验案例验证了考虑土体有效电势变化所求得解析解的合理性,且该数值计算结果相较于Esrig数值计算结果,前者更加接近实测值,该固结方程的建立为后续分级加载电压技术的推广应用提供了理论依据,也为实际工程提供了参考。     

Present status and future prospects of plasma sprayed multilayered thermal barrier coating systems

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a pivotal role in protecting the hot structures of modern turbine engines in aerospace as well as utility applications. To meet the increasing efficiency of gas turbine technology, worldwide research is focused on designing new architecture of TBCs. These TBCs are mainly fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) as it is more economical over the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology. Notably, bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC structures are recognized as favorable designs to obtain adequate coating performance and durability. In this regard, an attempt has been made in this article to highlight the structure, characteristics, limitations and future prospects of bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC systems fabricated using plasma spraying and its allied techniques like suspension plasma spray (SPS), solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) and plasma spray –physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD).     

Interfacial failure analysis of functionally graded adhesively bonded double supported tee joint of laminated FRP composite plates

This paper deals with three-dimensional non-linear finite element analyses to assess the structural behavior of adhesively-bonded double supported tee joint of laminated FRP composites having embedded interfacial failures. The onset of interfacial failures is predicted by using Tsai–Wu coupled stress failure criterion with pre-determined stress values. The concept of fracture mechanics principle is utilized to study the sustainability of the tee joint having interfacial failures pre-existed at the critical locations. Individual modes of the strain energy release rates (SERR) G_I, G_II and G_III, are considered as the damage growth parameters and, are evaluated using the Modified crack closure integral (MCCI) technique based on the concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Based on the stress analyses, it has been observed that the interfacial failures in tee joint structure trigger at the interface of base plate and adhesive layer from both ends of base plate. Depending on the SERR magnitudes, it has been noticed that the interfacial failure propagates under mixed mode condition. Therefore total SERR (G_T) is considered as the governing parameter for damage propagation. Furthermore, efforts have been made to retard damage propagation rate by employing functionally graded adhesive (FGA) instead of monolithic adhesive material. Series of numerical simulations have been performed for varied interfacial failure length in functionally graded adhesively bonded double supported tee joint structure in order to achieve the significant effect of FGA with various modulus ratios on SERR. Material gradation of adhesive indicates significant SERR reduction at the incipient stage of failure which necessitates the use of functionally graded adhesive for the tee joint and prolong the service life of the structure.     

短粉路等级粉工艺设计

针对我国七十年代设计的日处理小麦40吨标准粉生产工艺,扩充设计了日处理小麦100吨的等级粉生产工艺,在设计中吸收了长粉路的优点,排除了超短粉路之不足。一次试车投产达到设计指标。投资少、见效快、产品出率高、优质粉比例大、动力消耗低、产品质量好。     

Design of functionally graded joints using a polyurethane-based adhesive with varying amounts of acrylate

Adhesives with graded properties along the bondline are being developed to increase the strength of adhesively bonded joints. Efforts to do this in the past have resulted in mixed results. Two adhesive parameters need to be considered: the geometry of the gradation and the material properties of the adhesive at different gradation levels. In order to consider both of these aspects, a computational model was created to aid in not only the design of adhesive gradations but also judge whether a specific adhesive gradation method will be able to result in strength increases. In this study, the model was introduced and compared with published results. A new adhesive gradation system was created by using a polyurethane-based adhesive with varying amounts of acrylate, and a numerical analysis was performed to determine the potential advantages of the adhesive gradation.