环氧丙烷生产工艺进展

综述了近年来环氧丙烷合成工艺的新进展,包括对现有环氧丙烷生产工艺的革新、直接氧化法、光催化环氧化等方法,并对各种方法的特点和发展前景进行了讨论.     

进口刀盘圆环失效原因及改进

首先从材料力学角度分析了抚顺石化公司干法腈纶装置原进口切断刀盘圆环失效的原因 ,认为此种切断刀盘圆环系二维增强结构层压板 ,层间没有纤维增强 ,需要解决由二维增强向三维增强的过渡。给出了改进办法 ,寻求到三维增强的替代材料。同时介绍了机械加工测试及在线实验     

电石渣在环氧丙烷生产中的循环利用

总结了电石渣生产环氧丙烷工艺中的设计与应用。运行情况表明，该工艺具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

Sintering of Ceramic Particulate Composites: Effect of Matrix Density

Composites consisting of a fine-grained, polycrystalline zinc oxide matrix and <10 vol% coarse, rigid silicon carbide inclusions were prepared by the same mixing procedure and then compacted to produce samples with matrix densities of 0.45 and 0.68 of the theoretical. The samples were sintered under identical temperature profiles in separate experiments that employed either a constant rate of heating of 4°C/min or near isothermal heating at 735°C. The ratio of the densification rate of the composite matrix to the densification rate of the unreinforced zinc oxide was found to be independent of the initial matrix density. This ratio increased significantly with temperature in the constant-heating-rate experiments but was relatively constant in the isothermal experiments. The results indicate that microstructural coarsening may be an important mechanism for explaining the reduced sinterability of polycrystalline matrix composites.     

Influence of composition and molecular mass on the morphology,crystallization and melting behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends

Results are reported on the influence of composition and molecular mass of components on the isothermal growth rate of spherulites, on the overall kinetic rate constant, on the primary nucleation and on the thermal behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. The growth rate of PEO spherulites as well as the observed equilibrium melting temperatures decrease, for a given T_c or ΔT, with the increase of PMMA content.Such observations are interpreted by assuming that the polymers are compatible in the undercooled melt, at least in the range of crystallization temperatures investigated. Thermodynamic quantities such as the surface free energy of folding σ_e and the Flory-Huggins parameter χ₁₂ have been obtained by studying the dependence of the radial growth rate G and of the overall kinetic rate constant K from temperature and composition and the dependence of the equilibrium melting temperature depression ΔT_m upon composition, respectively.     

Influences of zinc oxide and an organic additive on the electrochemical behavior of pure aluminum in an alkaline solution

The corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in inhibited and uninhibited 4 MKOH was investigated by means of hydrogen collection, polarization curve measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the corrosion of pure aluminum was greatly inhibited by the addition of ZnO and dimethyl amine epoxy propane (designated as DE). EIS and EDAX analyses revealed that ZnO produces its effect by depositing on the aluminum surface, which increases the overpotential of hydrogen evolution. It was also found that the addition of DE could greatly improve the deposition of zinc layers.     

侧链为亚乙氧基结构的EVOH梳型聚合物的合成

以乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)为原料，制备了一种主链为疏水的聚乙烯链段，侧链具有亚乙氧基结构的多羟基梳形聚合物，用元素分析法、凝胶渗透色谱法、核磁共振谱法对其进行了结构表征；用热重分析法和示差扫描量热法对其热学性能进行了表征。结果表明，接枝后产物的玻璃化转变温度在-52--40℃之间，熔点在55～600℃之间，由于侧链的引入破坏了EVOH的结晶，因此梳形聚合物的热分解温度比EVOH降低了约20℃。     

光学镜头调制传递函数的测试

为了定量、客观、全面地评价光学镜头的像质,介绍了光学镜头调制传递函数的测试。先简要叙述了测试的原理,并给出计算公式;然后介绍了测试步骤,其中包括固定、穿轴、测试中心视场和测试轴外视场;最后介绍了测试时的注意事项,包括对测试工装的要求、对测试平面的要求和正、负轴外视场测试值相差较大时的处理办法。     

民间传统御寒器具——火桶设计研究

＂火桶＂是南方传统的御寒器物,它具有造型简单,取材方便,功能实用多样的特点,凝聚了民间朴素造物的思想。同时,火桶所具有着深厚的人文特点和文化内涵。文章以黔东南镇远地区民间火桶为例,分析其形态、结构、功能及人机关系等内容,探究民间造物的设计巧思。     

长链脂肪族氧化胺对合成纤维的抗静电作用

研究了题示表面活性剂对涤纶和丙纶的抗静电性能,探讨了不同结构的脂肪族氧化胺的抗静电效果和环境湿度、上油量对其抗静电性的影响。认为:氧化胺在低湿(30%RH)条件下也能保持良好的抗静电作用;二甲基十二烷基氧化胺在同类物中的抗静电性最佳(比电阻为0.95×10~8Ω);氧化胺作丙纶油剂的抗静电组分,可提高丙纶的加工性能和成品质量;氧化胺在纤维上的上油量(0.06%)相当低时也显示了较好的抗静电作用。