利用光栅闪耀特性优化低通滤波器

为了滤除有效光信号中的光噪声,本文提出了一种利用光栅的闪耀特性将噪声和有效信号之间的夹角角度差放大,再通过光阑得到有效光信号的方法。通过分析和仿真,使用光栅的1、2级闪耀对入射时微小角度差进行放大比较适宜。放大倍数会随着闪耀光栅的周期的减小而增大。负斜入射角度差的放大效果比正斜入射的效果更好。     

Interferometer for cold neutrons

Design and setup of an interferometer for cold and ultracold neutrons are described. As neutron optical components three holographically produced gratings are arranged in triple Laue geometry. The gratings are adjusted during their recording process in photosensitized polymer slabs once for ever. Employing this device we measured the coherence function of a cold neutron beam by means of interferometry.     

A prototype optical encoder system with nanometer measurement capability

Optical gratings are becoming available with precision down to the 2 nm level, or below. Such gratings can be employed to make highly accurate measuring tools such as optical encoders and coordinate measuring tools which can find numerous applications in precision machining applications and integrated circuit industry such as image placement inspection. Such tools are significantly less expensive than interferometers because of the relaxed mechanical tolerances required on the associated stages. In this paper, a novel prototype optical encoder system is developed for grating-based measurement tools with nanometer accuracy. The location of the grating was determined with an error of 0.09 nm. This is comparable to the accuracy of state-of-the-art interferometers, but at much lower cost.     

Group-theoretic approach to enhancing the Fourier modal method for crossed gratings of plane group p3

The Fourier modal method for crossed gratings is reformulated by use of a group-theoretic approach when the grating structures, according to plane crystallography, are of plane group p3. By exploiting the structural symmetries of the grating, i.e. the invariance of grating pattern after rotations about the normal of the mean grating plane through angles n(2π/3), a general diffraction problem with asymmetrical incidence is decomposed into three so-called symmetrical basis problems whose field distributions are the symmetry modes of the grating. Then by solving the symmetrical basis problems instead of the original problem, we reduce the memory occupation and time consumption in numerical computation to 1/3 and 1/9 of those of the original formulation, respectively, if the truncated reciprocal lattice of the diffracted field also has the symmetry of the grating structure. For the special case of normal incidence, the reduction factor can be further reduced to 2/27. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new formulation.     

反射型阶梯光栅的特性分析

衍射效率是评价二元光学器件质量性能的重要指标之一.针对反射性阶梯光栅,利用几何方法计算出斜入射情况下光束在台阶边缘的光程差的分布情况,根据多缝夫琅和费衍射推导出反射型阶梯光栅的衍射光强表达式.并在此基础上,讨论了台阶数N取2和N趋向于无穷两种极限情况下阶梯光栅光强公式的变化情况,得到区别于一般文献所表达的衍射效率公式.初步试验表明,反射型阶梯光栅的衍射效率与台阶数、蚀刻深度与入射波长的比值均有密切相关.     

重叠体光栅相干组束的耦合波分析

目前基于重叠体光栅的相干组束系统还没有完整的理论模型和参数分析,针对这个问题,本文采用耦合波理论,建立了比较完整的基于重叠体光栅的双光束组束模型,给出了各光束在重叠体光栅内传播的解析解.模型表明,基于重叠体光栅的双光束组束系统其输出光强受两入射光的振幅和位相、体光栅间的相移和折射率调制振幅、光栅厚度,失谐量等多个光学参数的影响.通过数值计算,详细分析了各光学参数对组束结果的影响.最后总结了设计高效重叠体光栅相干组束系统时必须遵循的条件,如必须对光栅厚度进行优化、各光栅的折射率调制振幅必须相同,保证失谐量足够小等.     

柱面透射光栅的衍射特性

从理论上分析了较高空间频率的柱面透射光栅的衍射特性，在不作近似的条件下，用计算机模拟出了不同曲率半径的柱面透镜组成的柱面透镜组成的柱面透镜光栅的夫琅和费衍射特性，得出了共衍射光强的分布规律。光学实验给出了由光学塑料制成的空间频率为１０ｌｐ／ｍｍ的柱面透射光栅的衍射光强分布。计算机模拟结果与光学实验结果吻合。     

纳米计量与传递标准

纳米计量不仅提供测量和表征纳米材料及器件基础,同时在纳米生产工艺控制和质量管理领域也扮演重要角色。纳米技术就某种意殳上讲就是实现原子或分子操作的超精细加工技术。纳米科技的各个领域都涉厦对纳米尺度物质的形态、成分、结构及其物理／化学性能(功能)的测量、表征。纳米测量在纳米科技中起着信息采集和分析的不可替代的重要作用。纳米测量技术包括：纳米级精度的尺寸和位移的测量,纳米级表面形貌的测量以及纳米级物理与化学特性测量。目前迫切需要解决的问题有微电子、超精密加工中线竞、台阶、膜厚等测量问题、纳米材料中的粒子特征测量问题和作为纳米科技主要测量和操作工具的扫描探针显微镜(SPM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等的特性表征和测量准确度评定,文章重点评述了国际上为建立可溯源于国际基本单位制(SI)的纳米计量体系努力。包括：纳米尺度测量(台阶、节距)的国际比对,传递标准在纳米计量体系中的特殊作用,用于校准扫描探针显徽镜(SPM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等的传递标准研制概况。