Measurement of vertical and horizontal vibrations of a probe for acoustic evaluation of food texture

Two‐dimensional (vertical and horizontal) vibrations of a wedge‐type probe upon food rupture were evaluated separately using two accelerometers placed perpendicular to a guide rod of a swing‐arm device for texture evaluation of the flesh of three varieties of apples and three types of potato chips. Voltage signals from the accelerometers were filtered using a half‐octave band‐pass filter. The energy texture index (ETI), based on kinetic energy of the vertical or horizontal probe vibrations, was calculated over low to high frequency bands (no. 1–21). The spectra for the flesh of the three varieties of apples included two common peaks for vertical ETI at band no. 11 (1,120–1,600 Hz) and 19 (17,920–25,600 Hz) and horizontal ETI at band no. 1 (0–10 Hz) and 15 (4,480–6,400 Hz). The spectra for the three types of potato chips had a common ETI peak at band no. 11 (1,120–1,600 Hz) for horizontal ETI and at no. 15 (4,480–6,400 Hz) for vertical ETI. The three apple varieties gave rise to different intensities of vertical and horizontal ETIs while the two peaks were maintained. The thick potato chip type had higher vertical and horizontal ETIs than the thin and soft varieties in most bands; however, the thin type had the highest vertical ETIs only in lower bands (0–200 Hz). The soft type had the lowest vertical and horizontal ETI. The above results suggest that different food textures can be distinguished by two‐dimensional vibration analyses of probe insertion into a food sample based on frequency bands.     

Single‐Stage ZVS‐PWM AC‐AC Power Converter Using All SiC Power Module for High‐Frequency Induction Heating Applications

This paper presents a novel prototype of a single‐stage zero voltage soft‐switching pulse‐width modulation ‐controlled ac‐ac converter with a silicon carbide (SiC)‐MOSFET/SiC‐SBD power module for high‐frequency (HF) induction heating (IH) applications. The newly developed ac‐ac converter can achieve higher efficiency than a Si‐IGBT/Si‐PN diode power module‐based prototype due to a low ON‐resistance of SiC‐MOSFET and a low forward voltage of SiC‐SBD under the condition of HF switching. The performances of the new prototype converter are evaluated by experiment with a single‐phase IH utensil of ferromagnetic stainless metal, after which the high‐efficiency and low switching noise characteristics due to the all SiC power module are actually demonstrated.     

去除管道3PE防腐层的轴向扇形喷嘴数值模拟

目的 优化设计一种轴向扇形喷嘴,通过产生扇形磨料水射流去除管道3PE防腐层,以期提高去除管道3PE防腐层的效率和安全性.方法 建立轴向扇形喷嘴物理模型及扇形磨料水射流流场的计算模型.基于FLUENT软件,采用颗粒轨道模型、Realizable k-ε湍流模型对轴向扇形喷嘴内外磨料水射流流场特性进行数值模拟研究.结果 沿着射流流动方向,扇形喷嘴收缩段(邻近圆柱段区域)磨料颗粒速度增加明显,圆柱段磨料颗粒速度增加不明显.由于喷嘴流通面积减小或V型槽致使流道形状改变,进入扇形喷嘴椭圆段后直至喷嘴出口处,磨料颗粒速度总体增加,但其速度分布呈现复杂规律,在射流的两侧边缘存在高速区.在扇形喷嘴外流场中,磨料颗粒速度呈减小趋势,同时,磨料颗粒速度云图在X轴某一位置出现了分叉现象,速度云图在分叉点之后的区域出现空白,即从分叉点之后,外流场的某些区域没有磨料颗粒的存在.为了充分发挥磨料颗粒对3PE防腐层较好的冲蚀效果,扇形磨料水射流去除3PE防腐层时,应将靶距控制在分叉点位置之前.不同结构参数轴向扇形喷嘴产生的扇形磨料水射流,其磨料颗粒速度云图分叉点位置不同.结论 综合考虑磨料颗粒速度大小、作用范围、分叉位置等因素的影响,优选出拟用于产生扇形磨料水射流去除3PE防腐层的轴向扇形喷嘴结构参数:α2/r=1、α=15°、b=0.6 mm、d=2.13 mm.最佳靶距在17.37～37.37 mm.     

航空发动机轴承剥落分析

航空发动机轴承在使用过程中出现早期剥落。采用宏观检验、化学分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、能谱等手段对轴承内滚道表面剥落原因进行了分析,结果表明:剥落轴承内圈存在锻造过烧,形成孔洞缺陷,破坏了金属连续性,降低了轴承接触疲劳强度,在交变应力的作用下,以孔洞为核心,其周围形成“蝶形”组织,产生显微裂纹向滚动接触表面扩展,形成剥落,引起轴承疲劳失效。由此提出,通过控制锻造工艺及增加锻造缺陷的检测手段来防止锻造过烧,进而提高轴承使用寿命。     

SoC中IP核间互联总线完整性故障测试模型

在对互联总线信号完整故障发生原理进行详细分析的基础上,提出了一种有效的互联总线信号完整性故障激励检测模型——HT模型。仿真结果表明该模型在故障覆盖率和测试矢量的有效性方面分别比已有的最大激励串扰故障模型和多重跳度模型有较大的改善。     

薄壁异形方半管零件充液成形工艺研究

目的 为解决薄壁异形方半管零件成形过程中易起皱、破裂、形状冻结性不佳的难题,引入充液成形工艺。为进一步掌握不同工艺参数对零件成形性能的影响,对薄壁异形方半管零件的充液成形过程进行研究。方法 以液室压力、压边力、拉深深度、摩擦因数等工艺参数为影响因子,进行正交试验,通过分析不同工艺参数下零件最大减薄率、贴模度、最大回弹量的变化规律,掌握充液成形工艺中不同工艺参数对零件起皱、破裂、形状冻结性的影响。结果 零件的破裂和起皱现象受液室压力影响显著,而零件的形状冻结性则受压边力影响较大。在数值模拟中,优化后的最优工艺参数如下:液室压力为15 MPa,压边力为120 kN,拉深深度为110 mm,摩擦因数为0.15。经模拟验证,与优化前相比,在该工艺参数下得到的结果更优,零件最大减薄率降低到11.5%、贴模度提高了0.212 mm、最大回弹量降低了1.955 mm。结论 通过模拟分析和现场试验验证可知,采用正交试验得到的最优工艺参数可以完成半管零件的成形,合理的工艺参数能有效抑制零件起皱、破裂、形状冻结性不佳的现象,从而提高半管零件的成形性能。     

The Clinical Significance of Transfer RNAs Present in Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in multi-cellular organisms. However, the role of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA fragments in EVs has yet to be characterised. This systematic review aimed to identify up-to-date literature on tRNAs present within human EVs and explores their potential clinical significance in health and disease. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed, and the study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up until 1 January 2022. From 685 papers, 60 studies were identified for analysis. The majority of papers reviewed focussed on the role of EV tRNAs in cancers (31.7%), with numerous other conditions represented. Blood and cell lines were the most common EV sources, representing 85.9% of protocols used. EV isolation methods included most known methods, precipitation being the most common (49.3%). The proportion of EV tRNAs was highly variable, ranging between 0.04% to >95% depending on tissue source. EV tRNAs are present in a multitude of sources and show promise as disease markers in breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and other diseases. EV tRNA research is an emerging field, with increasing numbers of papers highlighting novel methodologies for tRNA and tRNA fragment discovery.     

红外探测器用滤光片的技术现状及应用

近红外滤光片和中红外带通滤光片在航天、气象和遥感等领域都有重要的应用。红外滤光片是让红外光透过而使其他波长光截止的滤光片,它的主要指标是峰值透过率。带通滤光片的重要指标是峰值透过率和通带半宽度。光学薄膜的膜系结构和具体设计对这些指标起决定性作用。本文主要介绍这两种滤光片的几例实际运用。     

抗氧剂作用机理及研究进展

介绍高分子有机材料的氧化机理,综述了抗氧剂机理以及研究进展,指出了抗氧剂的发展趋势,强调了应加强抗氧剂的研究。