Amphibious Territories

Since 2005, when Hurricane Katrina wreaked havoc on the Gulf Coast and New Orleans, our polarised perception of land and water has been irrevocably shifted by the failure of static levee flood-control systems. Ila Berman explains how a more fluid geographical approach to land and water, which places an emphasis on continuous mutable ecologies, is key to a more sustainable future. She describes four experimental projects that are ground-breaking in their treatment of the relationship between the aquatic and terra firma. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈公开市场招投标过程中的竞争和公平

通过对2001年七部委第12号令《评标委员会和评标方法暂行规定》第二十七条评标办法的分析,对招投标过程中的竞争和公平作了局部论述,提出了对七部委第12号令第二十七条评标办法的修改,归纳了更改该评标办法的优点,以完善建设工程招投标工作。     

铁路设计院向工程总承包公司转型的思考

对铁路设计院推行设计施工总承包的必要性以及总承包建设模式的优缺点进行了论述,并且提出了立足铁路领域进行改革体制,推行多元化经营,发展总承包的思路,以期提高企业的管理水平和竞争能力。     

Invited review: Social dominance in dairy cattle: A critical review with guidelines for future research

Cattle are gregarious animals able to form social relationships. Dominance is one of the most widely studied social behaviors of dairy cattle, especially cows confined indoors. However, much of the past dairy cattle research has used an unstandardized approach, differing in definitions and conceptual understanding of dominance, as well as their methods of data collection and dominance calculation. The first of the 3 aims of this review is to evaluate how dominance relates to the social behavior of housed dairy cows. Cows engage in agonistic interactions to establish and reinforce dominance relationships. An individual's dominance is influenced by intrinsic characteristics, such as personality, and extrinsic factors, including group composition. When competing for resources, agonistic interactions can also be influenced by individual motivational differences, such as hunger, which may diminish the role of dominance in regulating competition. Our second aim is to critically review methods used to assess dominance in cows. This includes discussions on the effect of time and location of data collection on measured values as well as the viability and limitations of some dominance calculation methods. We propose that different methodologies lend themselves to different types of research questions. For example, the use of data stream-based methods that consider the sequence of interactions are useful for estimating how dominance fluctuates with changing conditions and can be used in a dynamically changing group. In contrast, matrix-based methods that aggregate social interactions may be best for identifying the social position of individuals and understanding how social characteristics influence the attributes of a stable hierarchy. Our third aim is to discuss the future of dominance research. We use a flowchart to illustrate guidelines for a more standardized approach to measuring dominance in cattle. We also identify areas in need of further conceptual clarification, suggest practical applications of dominance when managing dairy cattle, and discuss some limitations of dominance research.     

On the Hysteresis of Polymer Wetting

The reasons for the appearance of the hysteresis of wetting are considered. The model is proposed according to which the hysteresis is the result of the orientations of molecules of wetting liquids which is preserved due to the action of surface forces even after the flow ceases.     

煤炭企业经营战略的研究

简要分析了煤炭市场中存在的矛盾,并从成本构建,战略实施和经营哲学等方面进行了分析,这一研究为煤炭企业改革、发展的战略实施提供了一种机制转变的参考途径。     

《汽车构造》的教学与实践

结合《汽车构造》课程的多媒体教学指出：精心设计教学过程、强调教师授课质量、抓好课程实习和拆装大赛是一个完整的教学整体,三者的有机结合是保证教学质量的关键,建立健全各项管理及考核制度是必备的条件。     

基于社会经济效益最大化的轨道交通票价优化

采用Logit模型得到了轨道交通与常规公交的竞争模型。利用票价作为决策变量,构建了基于轨道交通社会经济效益最大化的票价优化模型。在满足服务质量的前提下,求得一个最优票价,使轨道交通所产生的社会经济效益最大,以达到减少拥堵以及节约能源的目的。最后选用实例说明了模型的适用性。