低碳结构钢的氢脆行为研究

采用宏观、微观、纳米等手段,开展低碳钢在酸性环境中氢诱导作用对其力学性能影响进行研究。从研究结果可以看出,氢浓度和腐蚀扩展速率存在一定关系,低碳钢暴露于富氢酸性环境28天后,体积弹性模量显著降低。通过微观结构分析,发现氢渗透引起的大晶粒的变形、裂纹和氢鼓包是性能下降的主要原因。此外,通过在不同时间对试样的不同区域进行纳米压痕,确定了氢对晶粒纳米弹性和纳米硬度性能的影响。在宏观、微观和纳米层面上对受到氢损伤钢的力学性能的进一步研究,将对低碳结构钢的维护和使用寿命预测提供一种新途径。     

输氢管道工程设计要点

为加快我国氢气输送管道建设,确保管道安全运行,对氢气与常规天然气的特性进行了对比,分析国外相关标准要求,指出氢气管道工程设计的关键问题,详细论述了在管线工程设计时需要重点考虑的因素,如管材选用、断裂控制、结构设计、地区等级划分及设计系数选用、高后果区识别以及阀室间距等,并提出设计建议,为氢气管道工程设计提供参考。     

光缆氢损探讨

本文针对曾困扰光缆领域的氢损问题，通过实验分析，阐明了检验光缆氢损的方法，探讨了产生氢损的主要根源，提出了避免光缆产生氢损的方法及氢损光缆的恢复办法。     

Plasma immersion ion implantation for SOI synthesis: SIMOX and ion-cut

We have demonstrated feasibility to form silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) for both separation by implantation of oxygen and ion-cut. This high throughput technique can substantially lower the high cost of SOI substrates due to the simpler implanter design as well as ease of maintenance. For separation by plasma implantation of oxygen wafers, secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis and cross-sectional transmission electron micrographs show continuous buried oxide formation under a single-crystal silicon overlayer with sharp Si/SiO₂ interfaces after oxygen plasma implantation and high-temperature (1300°C) annealing. Ion-cut SOI wafer fabrication technique is implemented for the first time using PIII. The hydrogen plasma can be optimized so that only one ion species is dominant in concentration and there are minimal effects by other residual ions on the ion-cut process. The physical mechanism of hydrogen induced silicon surface layer cleavage has been investigated. An ideal gas law model of the microcavity internal pressure combined with a two-dimensional finite element fracture mechanics model is used to approximate the fracture driving force which is sufficient to overcome the silicon fracture resistance.     

激光诱导H_2S催化裂解制备H_2的研究

在室温常压静态条件下研究了以Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２为催化剂，紫外脉冲激光诱导Ｈ２Ｓ催化分解为Ｈ２和Ｓ的反应及其机理。考察了产氢量与激光不同照射条件之间的关系。     

氟化氢/USY分子筛催化合成对叔丁基苯酚

以USY负载HF为催化剂,以甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、苯酚为原料,在微型反应器上催化合成了对叔丁基苯酚。考察了HF负载量、反应温度、空速及原料配比对烷基化反应的影响及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,HF改性后USY的L酸中心增加,B酸中心减少,苯酚转化率增大。L酸中心是烷基化反应的主要活性中心。在反应温度160℃、HF负载量1%、反应空速1.7h~(-1)、n(MTBE):n(苯酚)=1.5:1条件下,苯酚的转化率为91%,对叔丁基苯酚的选择性为79.05%。催化剂使用120h后,仍保持较好的催化活性。     

Dawson结构磷钨杂多酸催化环己醇合成己二酸

以Dawson结构磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,由过氧化氢氧化环己醇合成了己二酸。通过正交实验和单因次实验考察了各因素对反应的影响,确定的优化工艺条件为:n(环己醇):n(过氧化氢):n(磷钨杂多酸)= 100:450:0.15,反应温度为100℃,反应6 h,己二酸分离收率达90.1%。催化剂重复使用5次,收率仍可达到79.8%     

橡胶硫化促进剂CBS的双氧水氧化法合成

以二巯基苯骈噻唑(促进剂M)、环己胺为原料,水作溶剂,在不使用强酸、强碱及其他催化剂的条件下,采用双氧水作氧化剂合成了N-环己基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺(CBS)。并通过正交实验对其合成工艺进行了优化。结果表明,CBS的最佳合成工艺条件为:n(促进剂M)/n(环己胺)为1.0∶3.0,n(促进剂M)/n(H2O2)为1.0∶1.9,n(环己胺)/n(溶剂水)为1∶55,反应温度为55℃;在此条件下,合成的CBS收率为95.28%,熔点为99.0℃,灰分为0.04%,挥发分为0.07%,其质量达到了国内企业行业标准HG 2096—91优级品指标。     

Thermal stratification in ribbed liquid hydrogen storage tanks

A significant decrease in the degree of thermal stratification is demonstrated by improvising transverse wall ribs on the inner cylindrical surfaces of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. The ribbed surfaces are modeled as fins and a conjugate transient heat transfer problem is formulated for predicting flow currents and heat transfer. Turbulent Rayleigh numbers between 1.2×10¹²$1.2\times {10}^{12}$ and 6×10¹⁶$6\times {10}^{16}$ are considered. A stratification parameter based on the moment of energy is defined to quantify the degree of stratification and this parameter is seen to be about 30% lower for the ribbed tanks. The degree of stratification is not sensitive to changes in the ratio of the rib height to the spacing between the ribs. The transient free convection is shown to be characterized by the parameter Fo×Ra^0.15$\mathrm{Fo}\times {\mathrm{Ra}}^{0.15}$. The process of stratification takes place more slowly in the ribbed tanks than in smooth-walled tanks. The free convective heat transfer coefficient for tanks having ribbed surface is also seen to be significantly lower. Incorporation of ribs over the inner surface of the insulated tanks is demonstrated to offer a simple means of reducing the stratification and boil-off losses.