二元稀土系AB5型贮氢电极合金的放电容量与晶胞体积和4f电子浓度的关系

制备了6个系列通式为AαA‘1-αB5的RE(NiCoMnTi)5贮氢电极合金(其中，AαA‘1-α为La，Ce，Pr，Nd4个元素中任意2个的组合)，测定了它们在100次循环中的最大放电容量Cmax及部分合金的晶胞体积Vcell．结果表明：Cmax主要由Vcell决定，Cmax先随Vcell的增大而增加，在Vcell≈85．66x10^-^3。nm^3时达到一极大值，然后又随Vcell的增大而减小；同时，Cmax还与4f电子浓度ne4f／naRE有关，A侧具有相同4f电子浓度的合金其Cmax随4f电子浓度的变化趋势相似．     

高效焊管新工艺——金属管液相扩散焊

采用镍基非晶态箔带作中间层,在加压情况下(约几MPa)使之熔化、保温,进行了钢管瞬间液相 (TLP)扩散焊试验。结果表明,可以获得无夹杂的致密界面;接头过渡区的最终厚度显著变薄;焊后中间层主组元由焊前的Ni变为Fe;容易获得性能合格接头。值得指出的是,焊接时间约为3min,远低于手弧焊所需时间。     

Structural stability of single-layered LaNi4.25Al0.75 film and its electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties

AB5-based hydrogen storage thin fdms （LaNi4.25Al0.75）, deposited on Cu substrate by dc magnetron sputtering were investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction （XRD） revealed that the microstructure of the layer was in crystal form. SEM and AFM analyses proved that the film appeared to be rather rough with numerous randomly sized pores of approximately 15-40 in nm diameter. Structural stability of the film was examined by the combined analyses of DSC, XRD, and SEM, which indicated that this film maintained its structural stability below 500 K or so, and a network structure was observed on the film after being heated at 700 K for 30 min. Electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties of the films were investigated by simulated battery tests. It was found that single-layered LaNi4.25A10.75 film exhibited electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties similar to typical AB5 alloys in bulk, and the maximum discharge capacity of the film was about 220 mAh/g. After 20 charge/discharge cycles, small needle-shaped aluminium oxide was formed on some fractions of the film surface.     

陶瓷/金属钎焊与扩散连接的研究现状

工程陶瓷由于具有优异的综合性能,在许多领域得到广泛应用,但其加工性能差,通常需要与金属组成复合结构.实现陶瓷与金属之间的可靠连接是推进陶瓷材料应用的关键,钎焊和扩散连接被认为是陶瓷/金属连接中较为适合的方法.文中对近年来国内外陶瓷/金属钎焊和扩散连接技术领域的研究现状进行了综述,认为活性金属钎焊和部分瞬间液相连接发展比较成熟,部分瞬间液相连接充分结合了活性钎焊和固相扩散连接两者的优点,将成为未来陶瓷/金属连接的发展方向.     

不锈钢复合板热疲劳性能分析

利用冷热疲劳试验机模拟分析了冷热循环对不锈钢复合板热疲劳性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜、电子探针和电子背散射衍射仪对热疲劳试样V形缺口及裂纹区域的形貌和成分进行了深入分析。结果表明,不锈钢复合板热疲劳试样经 20~550 ℃ 7 500次冷热循环后,结合界面处V形缺口区出现微裂纹,且微裂纹起裂于V形缺口尖端基层侧。随着冷热循环的继续进行,微裂纹向基层内扩展,但并非沿着结合界面处扩展,而是沿着基层侧扩展。此外,热疲劳裂纹的起裂和扩展与氧化和应力作用有关,微裂纹起裂于热疲劳试样 V 形缺口区域基层侧表层局部氧化孔洞,并在冷热循环的应力作用下向基层内扩展,同时加剧氧化。随着冷热循环的继续进行,晶界氧化逐渐加剧,导致微裂纹扩展成更为明显的裂纹。     

Fe3Al氢脆机理的研究

用余氏理论计算了氢对Ｆｅ３Ａｌ金属间化合物键结构、键能和电子分布的影响，分析发现，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ的氢脆是由于氢原子溶入扣引起Ｆｅ，Ａｌ原子状态变化。使晶体内晶格电子数大大减少，导致晶体局域金属性减弱，并构成具有严重各向异性的键络的结果。同时得出，氢在Ｆｅ３Ａｌ中占据间隙位置。     

Kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption of magnesium nickel alloy

Reaction rates in the Mg₂Ni---H₂ system are still unclear, although they are needed for the process/optimization of hydrogen storage reactors. In this article, the rates of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the magnesium nickel alloy were investigated at different pressures up to 2.0 MPa using a constant-temperature thermogravimetric method. The powder of the alloy was microencapsulated with copper to improve the alloy properties (such as cycling strength) as a pretreatment. In the experiments, weight changes of the smallest amount possible of samples were monitored with the help of an ultra-accurate thermobalance, in order to avoid changes of the sample temperature due to the heat of the reaction. The reaction curves obtained revealed unique dependence of temperature and pressure and influence of thermal hysterisis. It is also possible that hydrogen-absorption and-desorption rates of this hydrogen storage alloy are expressed by the rate equation of first-order reversible reaction.     

球磨改性处理对Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5合金相结构及储氢性能的影响

系统研究了Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5储氢合金经不同时间（t=0min，10min，30min，60min）球磨改性处理后对其相结构及储氢性能的影响。结构分析表明，Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5合金在球磨改性处理前后均由单一的六方结构的C14型Laves相组成；随着球磨时间的延长，合金粉的平均粒度减小，并出现了部分团聚现象。储氢性能测试表明，铸态合金经4次吸放氢循环后活化，室温最大吸氢量和有效放氢量分别为209．3ml／g和157．6ml／g，放氢率为75．3％；随着球磨时间的延长，合金的活化性能得到改善，室温最大吸氢量和有效放氢量均先升后降，且都在球磨30min时达到相应最高值231．4ml／g和203．8ml／g，放氢率达到88．1％。由此可见，适当的球磨改性处理能有效地改善Ti0．9Zr0．1Mn1．5合金的综合储氢性能。     

铝合金凝固过程的声发射及氢气析出过程

采用声发射测试技术,对Al-Si和Al-Cu系合金凝固过程进行监测,证实合金在凝固过程中存在声发射现象,表现为两个声发射信号计数率峰,两个峰的总计数都随着合金中气体含量增加而增高。本文对Al-Si,Al-Cu合金系产生声发射现象的机理进行了探讨,同时,借助其它实验手段证实了声发射信号与合金凝固中气体析出有很好的对应性。第一个计数率峰与气泡在枝晶臂间形核相吻合。第二个计数率峰与凝固末期的枝晶间拉裂现象相对应,可能是氢在枝晶间析出和聚集产生高压氢导致的拉裂。