电氧化及其在高浓度有机化工废水处理中的应用

介绍了电氧化技术原理,该技术应用于显像管生产和纽扣生产高浓度有机化工废水的前级处理时,可使CODCr去除40%～60%、BOD5/CODCr在处理前不足10%提高到20%以上,停留时间1～2h,使后续的兼氧—接触氧化生化处理达到预期效果,最终出水CODCr可控制在80mg/L以下,色度在10°以下,可以回用。     

石墨炉原子吸收测定化探样品中痕量金的研究

采用以王水分解样品,泡沫塑料富集,硫脲解脱,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定微量金。研究了测定时干燥温度和时间的选择,原子化温度和时间的选择,灰化温度和时间的选择,以及王水体积分数对吸附效果等条件对测定结果的影响。该方法检出限为0.2×10-9,经国家一级分析标准样品验证,结果与标准值相符。     

石英玻璃中羟基的结构特征

研究了2类石英玻璃中羟基的结构特征及其释放方式。四极质谱显示石英玻璃受热释放出H2和H2O。用红外光谱和魔角旋转固态核磁共振(MASNMR)研究了石英玻璃中羟基的结构特征，结合电子自旋共振(ESR)分析了玻璃结构中E′心对1H NMR的影响。结果 表明：气相水解法合成的石英玻璃有带氢链的羟基、相邻羟基对和孤立羟基；氢气气氛下电熔石英玻璃包含与Si-H邻近的羟基、与E′心邻近的羟基、孤立羟基3种主要存在形式。     

Sonolytic degradation of 2-chlorobiphenyl

1　INTRODUCTIONSonolyticdegradationofpollutantshasrecentlyattractedintensiveattention ,includingdegradationofaromaticcompounds[1] ,halogen compounds[2 ] ,treatmentofwastewater[3] ,combinationwithothertechniques[4 ] ,andreactordesign[5] .Extremetem peratureand pressureexistingwithinthecollapsinggasbubbles[6 ] ,leadtothermolyticreactionsandfor mationoffreeradicalspecies[7] .Watermoleculessplittoformhydroxylfreeradicalandhydrogenatom .Hydroxylfreeradicalandtheself combinationproduct ,hydroge…     

二元气体等温吸附-解吸中气分的变化规律

进行了CH4—CO2和CH4-N2二元混合气体的等温解吸实验，分析了二元气体在解吸过程中各组分浓度的变化规律．结果表明，在CH4-N2二元气体的解吸过程中，吸附相中CH4组分的相对浓度逐渐增加，N2组分的相对浓度逐渐减少．在CO2-CH4二元气体的解吸过程中，吸附相中CO2组分的相对浓度逐渐增加，CH4组分的相对浓度逐渐减少．实验结果还证实了CO2在与CH4的竞争吸附中占据优势，而N2在与CH4的竞争吸附中处于劣势．注入CO2比注入N2可以更有效地置换或驱替煤层甲烷，提高煤层甲烷的采收率．     

垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾对废水中磷的吸附特性研究

采用恒温培养方法研究了矿化垃圾对磷的吸附和解吸特性．同时与三种不同水稻土的磷吸附特性进行对比实验。结果表明．矿化垃圾对废水中磷的等温吸附曲线与Langmuir、Freundlich及Termkin。等温吸附方程的拟合度均达到显著水平。与水稻土相比，矿化垃圾磷吸附容量大，吸附态磷的解吸速率与水稻土非常接近。     

Atmospheric effects of friction,friction noise and wear with silicon and diamond. Part II. SEM tribometry of silicon in vacuum and hydrogen

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) tribometric data on polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) vs. poly-Si, Si(100) vs. Si(100) and Si(111) vs. Si(111) interfaces, obtained in Torr and in 0.2 Torr partial pressure of hydrogen gas ( ) from room temperature to 850^°C, were performed under standard and much slower thermal ramping rates. The friction data were analyzed per the methodology described in part I of this paper series. The results indicate a highly beneficial friction- and wear-reducing regime within a relatively narrow thermal region. This desirable region coincides with some chemisorption of excited species of molecular hydrogen just before the mass thermal desorption of surface hydrides. These data represent the tribochemical equivalent of a method routinely used in electronics, whereby deep electron traps (dangling Si bonds) are passivated by baking in molecular hydrogen. The also exerts a moderating influence on the size of the friction noise at all test temperatures. However, the general level of friction beyond the beneficial thermal region is high. In parallel, the general wear rate of Si representative of the entire range of standard thermal ramping in both atmospheric environments is in the extremely high 10^-12m³/(N m) range. Operating strictly in the beneficial, low-friction thermal regime resulted in a several orders-of-magnitude reduction in the wear rate over those measured under standard thermal ramping conditions. Although the results confirm previous findings that Si is not a good material of construction for miniaturized moving mechanical assemblies (e.g., microbearings and gears), there seems to be some limited possibility of gas-phase lubrication of Si micromechanisms with rarefied hydrogen at surface temperatures between 100 and 300^°C. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Effect of Drying Temperature on Physical Properties of Thin Gelatin Films

The molecular morphology of thin gelatin films, controlled through the casting temperature, was monitored by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Gelatin films dried at lower temperatures had a markedly higher crystalline or helical structure with a slightly higher T_g and lower ΔC_p compared with hot dried films, which had a more coiled structure. The relationship between molecular morphology and gelatin-water interaction in terms of hydration behavior and water diffusivity was assessed using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The sorption capacity increased and the level of hysteresis decreased with increasing the degree of crystallinity. The difference in the aging behavior of the films was explained in terms of the difference between the glass transition and aging temperatures, (Tg – Ta).     

Selective elution of tea catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

Desorption of catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was comprehensively investigated. The result showed that caffeine could easily be desorbed from PVPP by the tested solvents except n‐hexane, while catechins could only be thoroughly done by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Excellent desorption efficiency of DMSO and DMF might be attributed to their high dipole moments and H‐bond potentials. Addition of ethanol was recommended considering the elution efficiency and fluidity, but ethanol volume should be <40% (v/v) for DMSO or 20% (v/v) for DMF. Desorption would get to equilibrium within 1 h and followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. Caffeine and catechins could be separately desorbed through two‐stage elution procedure, that is, water or 20% aqueous ethanol for desorbing caffeine and part of nongalloylated catechins and DMSO/ethanol (8/2, v/v) for eluting the remaining catechins. Highly purified catechins (~95%) with high level (~70%) galloylated catechins would be achieved when the desorption procedure was applied in column chromatograph.     

MALDI Q-TOF CID MS for Diagnostic Ion Screening of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Samples

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the bioactive components of human milk, influencing the infant’s gastrointestinal microflora and immune system. Structurally, they represent a highly complex class of analyte, where the main core oligosaccharide structures are built from galactose and N-acetylglucosamine, linked by 1–3 or 1–4 glycosidic linkages and potentially modified with fucose and sialic acid residues. The core structures can be linear or branched. Additional structural complexity in samples can be induced by endogenous exoglycosidase activity or chemical procedures during the sample preparation. Here, we show that using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) collision-induced dissociation (CID) as a fast screening method, diagnostic structural information about single oligosaccharide components present in a complex mixture can be obtained. According to sequencing data on 14 out of 22 parent ions detected in a single high molecular weight oligosaccharide chromatographic fraction, 20 different oligosaccharide structure types, corresponding to over 30 isomeric oligosaccharide structures and over 100 possible HMO isomers when biosynthetic linkage variations were taken into account, were postulated. For MS/MS data analysis, we used the de novo sequencing approach using diagnostic ion analysis on reduced oligosaccharides by following known biosynthetic rules. Using this approach, de novo characterization has been achieved also for the structures, which could not have been predicted.