用对称相位调谐方法测量光纤色散

光纤色散是限制光通信传输距离的重要因素，为此采用一种新方法来测量长的多模光纤色散．该测量技术利用对称相位调谐技术和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪，这种干涉仪能在待测光纤中引起两列反向传播的行波产生不同的传播常数．利用傅立叶变换技术和自相关函数，快速地分析和计算干涉条纹的强度分布信息，可获得准确的测量结果．     

纤维增强高性能混凝土在西部盐湖中的抗冻性

采用普通水和我国西部4种典型盐湖卤水为冻融介质,用快冻法研究了钢纤维与高强高模聚乙烯纤维对高性能混凝土抗冻性的影响,探讨了纤维增强对高性能混凝土抗冻性的作用机理.结果表明,在水中冻融时,钢纤维的阻裂作用限制了冻融时混凝土内部裂纹的引发与扩展,在一定程度上提高了高性能混凝土的抗冻性;高强高模聚乙烯纤维因其存在表面微裂纹,对高性能混凝土的抗冻性具有明显的不利影响.阐述了西藏、内蒙古、新疆和青海盐湖卤水中冻融时,纤维增强高性能混凝土内部不能形成足以导致结构破坏的盐结晶压,具有很高的抗卤水冻蚀性.因此,在我国西部盐湖地区,纤维增强高性能混凝土属于高耐久性的混凝土,适用于不同类型的盐湖环境.     

Investigation of fiber configurations of chafer cuticle by SEM, mechanical modeling and test of pullout forces

Insect cuticle as a natural biocomposite includes many favored microstructures which have been refined over centuries and endow the cuticle eminent mechanical properties. This paper first studies the microstructures of chafer cuticle through SEM observations. Several peculiar fiber configurations and fiber-ply arrangements such as branched fiber, acanth-fiber and helicoid plies are observed. These microstructures are useful for man-made fiber-reinforced composites to improve their mechanical properties. Then, a special configuration of the branched fiber found in chafer cuticle is in details analyzed through a mechanical model and experimental verification. The pullout force of fibers as an index is firstly studied through parameter study. The factors, which can improve the pullout forces, are identified. Finally, the maximal pullout force of the branched fiber is experimentally tested and compared with that of plain straight fiber. It is proved that the maximal pullout force of branched fibers is obviously greater than that of the plain straight fibers.     

Characteristics of carbon fiber phenolic composite for journal bearing materials

Journal bearing materials are required to have special characteristics such as compatibility with rubbing interface materials, embeddability for particles and wear debris, conformability to accommodate misalignment, thermal and corrosion resistance. Although white metals or babbitt metals used in most journal bearing have almost the required characteristics, they have possibility of seizure between the bearing material and the journal when the oil film is broken.

In this study, a hybrid composite journal bearing composed of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composite liner and metal backing was manufactured to solve the seizure problem of metallic journal bearing materials because the carbon fiber has self-lubricating ability and the phenolic resin has thermal resistance characteristics. To estimate the wear resistance of carbon fiber phenolic composite, wear tests were performed at several pressures and velocities. The oil absorption characteristics, coefficient of thermal expansion, strength and stiffness of the composite were also tested. Using the measured stiffness values, the thermal residual stresses in the composite were calculated to check the reliability of the composite journal bearing.     

牵引变电所综合自动化系统的选择原则和方法

电气化铁路牵引变电所综合自动化系统应用和研究最近几年国内发展很快,目前正在研究的有十几家,投入运行的两家,通过鉴定的四家。同时,国外的综合自动化系统已进入中国市场。由于综合自动化系统采用了比较先进的技术,对铁路用户来讲,选择合适的综合自动化系统显然非常重要,笔者通过近几年对国内外综合自动化系统的工程运用的研究和了解,提出了一些选择原则和方法供从事铁路供电系统工作的同行们参考。     

纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁延性的计算方法

根据纤维增强塑料筋(FRP筋)及其混凝土梁的力学性能,建立了纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁达到纤维增强塑料筋名义屈服强度的截面曲率和梁最终破坏的截面曲率的表达式.以此为基础,探讨了纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁截面曲率延性的计算方法.结果表明,纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁截面曲率延性系数分别随纤维增强塑料筋配筋率的减小和混凝土强度的提高而增大.     

剑麻纤维的处理方法对其热性能和形态结构的影响

借助红外光谱、X射线、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示扫描量热分析等手段，研究了剑麻纤维经过一系列物理化学方法处理后化学结构、结晶和热性能的变化．结果表明：碱处理能将果胶、木质素和半纤维素等杂质除去，而结晶度略有降低；剑麻纤维在空气中的热分解大致分为3个阶段进行；各种处理方法均使得剑麻纤维的热稳定性提高，其中以碱处理提高幅度为最大．     

微传声器的发展􀀂 与光纤传声器

根据目前国际上传声器的生产情况和发展趋势,结合ECM讨论硅基微型传声器的结构特性,并分析国内生产现状以及它们在生产上的优势和欠缺.联系豪恩公司的生产特色和产品结构,介绍其在进行的技术改革和开展的产品,生产技术,市场开拓,发展远景等方向的科学研究而进行的战略性投资的情况.文中具体介绍驻极体话筒,数字话筒,光纤话筒等传声器的原理,结构性能和与高校合作,开发具有竟争力有高技术含量的硅基驻极体话筒、光纤话筒和数字传声器.这也表明豪恩公司在短期内为把自己建设成为电声,光声生产技术基地和开发成为有特色、有竟争力、有高科技含量的传声器生产研究中心而做的努力.     

折射率型光纤液位传感器的研制

石油化工企业中常见的油水两相介质中油的折射率为1.48～1.50,而水的折射率为1.33,选用折射率≤1.48的光纤芯径,根据光纤的传输功率随外界介质折射率的变化而变化这一特性,研制成折射率调制光纤油水界面监控仪,用于石油化工企业中,有效安全地解决了油水分离器中水的监控排放问题,提高了生产自动化水平和经济效益。本系统灵敏可靠、现场不带电、本质安全、生产使用中免于维护、实用性强。     

光纤光栅传感技术在大结构监测中的应用进展

在众多的传感器种类中,利用多个光纤光栅传感器可构成多路和分布式传感器等各种形式的光纤传感网络等优点,使它正在成为传感器领域中新的研究方向。光纤光栅传感器所具有的独特的技术优势使其非常适合用于桥梁、堤坝、建筑物、航空航天、航海、海洋石油平台及油田等大结构工程的监测。论述了该技术的特点和近年来在国外大结构中的应用。