顶管技术应用中的问题浅析

本论文在简单介绍了顶管技术的施工特点的基础上,重点分析了顶管技术在市政工程建设中的应用,讨论了大量施工中暴露出的共同问题,并提出在施工中可操作的预防性施工措施,对于同类工程进一步提高顶管施工的质量水平具有一定借鉴意义。     

泡沫铝对电动汽车电池模块散热的研究

针对目前电动汽车电池组热管理系统存在的不足,提出了利用泡沫铝对锂离子电池组散热的创新模式。建立了电动汽车电池模块的散热模型,验证了利用泡沫铝对电动汽车电池组散热的有效性与可行性,且随着泡沫铝填充长度的增加,电池最高温度下降越多,最大温差先减小后增加。并发现孔隙率对电池的最高温度影响不明显,但孔隙率越小,最大温差越小,即电池间温度越均匀。     

数据融合技术在变压器状态评估中的应用

电力变压器是电力系统及变电站的最至关重要的设备之一。对电力系统进行运行维护时,监测并预报变压器运行状态并且能够有效地监测并判断变压器的故障情况具有非常现实的意义。基于设备状态信息融合技术,分析了D-S证据理论的基本原理、组合规则和决策过程。通过具体的实例论述了诊断方法的具体可行性,比较了单一诊断方法(只经神经网络判断的结果)与信息融合技术的正确率,并指出信息融合技术的发展优势和可实现性。     

多逆变器下垂协调控制方法综述

下垂控制是微电网中多个分布式发电单元(DG)实现功率协调的重要控制方法。对现有的下垂控制方法进行了归类和综述,将其分成有功-频率、无功-电压下垂控制,电压-相角下垂控制和虚拟同步机控制三类,对这三类方法的基本原理和改进方法进行了介绍,为研究人员开展后续研究提供借鉴和参考。     

异步电机效率优化控制及动态响应研究

针对异步电机效率优化问题,在黄金分割法和模糊搜索控制法的基础上,提出了一种新型混合控制方法。该方法在模糊控制中设计了合理的比例因子和隶属度函数,保证了在初始阶段搜索步长,根据电机工况进行在线调整,减小了电磁转矩的波动。在优化的后半段中接入黄金分割法,有效解决了模糊控制在最优点附近振荡和收敛速度慢的问题,保证了系统的稳定性。同时针对弱磁情况,给出了一种动态电流分配策略以提高系统动态响应速度。仿真结果验证了新型混合搜索法和动态电流分配法的有效性。     

电动汽车充电站在配电系统中电气接入点的最优选择

针对电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)充电负荷在空间中的合理布局等问题,现有相关文献主要围绕充电站的选址和定容展开研究,尚未论及如何确定充电站在所属区域配电系统中的电气接入点。在此背景下,该文针对计及对潮流影响的电动汽车充电站电气接入点的选择问题进行探讨。首先,依据电动汽车出行统计数据拟合结果,获得初始荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)及起始充电时刻分布特性,建立电动汽车充电负荷的概率模型,同时利用蒙特卡洛仿真求解,并采用深圳市电动出租车的实际数据对这种方法做了验证。之后,以节点电压偏差百分数和支路有功功率损耗增量百分数为基础,构造了评价充电站对配电系统潮流影响的综合指标,进而提出了确定充电站最优电气接入点的方法。最后,以修改的IEEE 33节点配电系统为例对所提出的方法进行了说明。     

考虑锁相环的双馈风力发电机组无源控制

为了降低大规模变速风力发电机接入电网的运行风险,需要研究风力发电机组的控制策略,增加风电对系统功率振荡的抑制能力。该文通过锁相环实现dq坐标系定向以及输出参考点频率值,考虑锁相环的动态作用建立风力发电机组和电网频率之间的端口受控耗散哈密尔顿(PCHD)模型,根据系统平衡方程求得双馈风力发电机组(DFIG)各个状态变量的期望平衡点,然后采用互联和阻尼分配无源控制(IDA-PBC)方法获得转子电压反馈控制律,从而得到DFIG机侧换流器控制和附加阻尼控制器,以改善系统的低频振荡特性,最后以单机无穷大系统和IEEE4机2区域系统为例验证本文所提方法的有效性。     

基于事件触发的DFIG次同步附加阻尼控制方法

为快速、准确判断和有效抑制双馈感应发电机(double fed induction generator,DFIG)并网经串补输电系统送出发生的次同步控制互作用(sub-synchronous control interaction,SSCI)问题,首先分析了DFIG经串补送出系统SSCI的作用路径,并经数学推导给出了SSCI发生判据。然后,基于该判据,进一步提出了一种基于SSCI事件触发的DFIG次同步附加阻尼控制方法,提出了适用于快速检测需求的次同步频率提取方法;引入了迟滞环节来解决电机参数不确定导致的误判问题,提高方法的鲁棒性;设计了相频特性平滑的带通滤波器,增强了控制方法对频率变化SSCI问题的适用性。最后,进行PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证,结果表明所提控制方法能够在风速变化、串补度变化及风机参数不确定情况下较好地阻尼SSCI,且由于引入了SSCI事件判断机制,附加控制在未出现SSCI风险时退出运行,不影响风机变流器的主控制功能。与已有的附加阻尼控制方法相比,所提控制方法在较高串补度下仍然具有较好的抑制效果。     

A new control algorithm to protect nonlinear base‐isolated structures against earthquakes

Currently, nonlinear base isolation systems are widely used in the construction of earthquake resistant structures. However, they are found to be vulnerable in near‐fault regions as a result of long‐period pulses that may exist in near‐source ground motions. Various control strategies including passive, active and semi‐active control systems have been studied in order to handle this issue. In this study, a semi‐active control algorithm based on the different performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking was developed. The proposed performance‐based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well‐known semi‐active skyhook control algorithm. A series of analyses were performed on the base‐isolated benchmark building, suggested by the American Society of Civil Engineers committee, subject to seven pairs of scaled ground‐motion records. The results proved that the new control algorithm is successful in improving structural and nonstructural performance of isolated buildings under near‐fault earthquakes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An optimal sequential preventive maintenance policy under stochastic maintenance quality

This paper presents a sequential imperfect preventive maintenance policy for a degradation system. Two kinds of activity, called continuous preventive maintenance (PM) and minimal repair, are simultaneously considered when arranging discrete imperfect preventive maintenance schedules. In order to obtain the maximum benefit in a finite lifetime, an expected benefit model is formulated based on maximal/equal cumulative-hazard rate constraints, and the optimal PM intervals are obtained using a genetic algorithm (GA). It is usually difficult to determine fixed maintenance quality after performing maintenance activities. This problem is addressed in the present paper by assuming that the reduction factor is a stochastic variable following probability distributions at fixed times. It is more rational to describe the fluctuation and trend of quality of discrete preventive maintenance during a lifetime; this makes optimisation results more robust and insensitive to the randomness of the crucial parameters in imperfect PM models. A numerical case is presented to illustrate the proposed model and some discussions are summarised.