A novel associative memory approach to speech enhancement in a vehicular environment

Numerous attempts have been undertaken to apply the spectral subtraction method to cancel noise perturbations but these efforts have yet to produce an algorithm that is able to adapt well to the environmental changes in the perturbations. In addition, the variants of the spectral subtraction method so far proposed in the literature would require a non-voice activity detector (NVAD), for a single microphone system, to store the perturbation. This is used as an estimate for the reference signal. Inaccuracy in the perturbation estimates causes the cleaned speech to be corrupted by musical artifacts, which is unacceptable. Post processing of signals corrupted by the musical artifacts is very costly. This paper provides an alternative approach that employs associative memory for speech enhancement. Extensive comparison is made using the soft computing approaches for noise cancellation based on associative memories. A set of stereo microphones captures the corrupted speech in a vehicle and is used to point to the closest associative memory location. The Wiener filter approach is used to cancel the noise. The paper discusses novel examples of the associative memories using the cerebellum model for noise modeling. Experimental results show the potential of these novel soft computing architectures in generating and adapting the required Weiner filters to cancel perturbation even at signal to noise ratio (SNR) of less than −13 dB.     

一种粗糙集属性约简算法

基于粗糙集理论提出一种新的属性重要度的度量方法,引入决策强度的概念,克服经典粗糙集理论约简定义的不完备性及无法获得最优属性约简的缺陷,改进基于信息熵的启发式属性约简算法,通过对既有线CTCS-2级车站列控中心软件测试平台的测试数据的实证分析,成功获得最优属性约简,发现数据之间的潜在联系及规律,给出决策规则,使决策分析更为高效。     

基于似然比测试的语音激活检测算法

针对低信噪比和噪声变化情况下语音激活检测算法性能下降的问题,提出一种新的参数更新和取值算法。该算法采用Laplacian-Gaussian混合模型对带噪语音频谱的概率分布进行建模,模型参数从带噪语音中估计得到,噪声功率参数通过跟踪语音的音节间隙进行平滑。实验结果表明,该算法在-5dB信噪比情况下,可以达到95％以上的检测率,具有优越的跟踪性能。     

Simultaneous state estimation and parameter identification in linear fractional order systems using coloured measurement noise

In the present paper, the identification and estimation problem of a single-input–single-output (SISO) fractional order state-space system will be addressed. A SISO state-space model is considered in which parameters and also state variables should be estimated. The canonical fractional order state-space system will be transformed into a regression equation by using a linear transformation and a shift operator that are appropriate for identification. The identification method provided in this paper is based on a recursive identification algorithm that has the capability of identifying the parameters of fractional order state-space system recursively. Another subject that will be addressed in this paper is a novel fractional order Kalman filter suitable for the systems with coloured measurement noise. The promising performance of the proposed methods is verified using two stable fractional order systems.     

Model reduction of multi-scale chemical Langevin equations

This paper addresses the model reduction problem for a class of stiff chemical Langevin equations that arise as models of biomolecular networks with fast and slow reactions and can be described as continuous Markov processes. Initially, a coordinate transformation is sought that allows the decoupling of fast and slow variables in the model equations. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for such a linear transformation to exist, along with an explicit change of variables which achieves the desired decoupling. For the systems for which this step is applicable, the method of adiabatic elimination is applied to determine a representation of the slow dynamics. Theoretical concepts and results are illustrated with simple examples.     

活用RC特性实现对CMOS数字IC的输入保护

介绍了灵活利用RC的特性对CMOS数字IC的输入保护措施,并重点讨论了其应用电路及其参数的设计计算过程。此方法抑制噪声的效果非常好,可以广泛应用于理论及实践性教学、工程设计等方面。     

Identification and control of open-loop unstable processes by relay methods

This paper describes a reliable automatic PID tuning method for open-loop unstable processes. Identification with low order models is performed by means of two relay tests, one with an additional delay, which does not require a priori knowledge about the process, with the only necessary condition being that the process be gain stabilisable. This paper provides an overview of the method, states conditions that need to be satisfied for its successful implementation, and demonstrates its application on a number of examples.     

Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review

High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, 2]. Because of the health hazards associated with these emissions, environmental regulations governing the composition of diesel fuels are being tightened in both Europe and the United States, leading to limitations on aromatics [3, 4].     

Livelocks in parallel programs

This paper is the second of a two-part series exploring the subtle correctness criterion of the absence of livelocks in parallel programs. In this paper we are concerned with the issue of proving this correctness criterion. It is shown that livelocks are not preserved by reduction, implying that reduction cannot be used directly in proving the absence of livelocks. Two applicable proof techniques are also presented. One is based on the notion of establishing sufficient conditions for livelock-freedom; the other is an extension of the well-founded set method for proving termination in sequential programs.     

Solution of impulsive boundary value problems on infinite intervals

In this paper, the upper and lower solution method and monotone iterative technique are employed to study the boundary value problem for a class of first-order impulsive ordinary differential equations with Carathéodory condition on infinite intervals. Several existence theorems are obtained.