荧光级氧化铕中杂质的控制

利用硫化物沉淀法，使氧化铕中杂含量达到荧光级标准，对硫化沉淀的条件进行了实验，得到了满意的结果。     

Performance of C18 Derivatized Silica Gels: A Structure-Performance Study

Abstract

Significant performance differences in the separation of desamido-insulin from insulin and of amitriptyline from imipramine have been found for five, macroscopically similar, preparative C18 silica materials. Structure-performance relations have been used to understand this difference. Physical measurements on the unpacked silica gels as well as chromatographic measurements have been carried out. The latter measurements comprise: hydrophobicity, metal impurity, steric selectivity and silanol activity. The performance difference could not be explained by the difference in hydrophobicity, steric selectivity or metal impurity between the materials. Instead a correlation between the silanol ion exchange activity and the selectivity could be found. The highest performance was found under conditions where the silanol groups have a moderate activity. For the separations considered in this work, the silanol groups have a beneficial effect.     

高效液相色谱法测定仲丁威及其主要杂质

采用高效液相色谱法 ,使用反相色谱柱和紫外检测器 ,用外标法对仲丁威原药的有效成分及主要杂质进行定量分析。方法的标准偏差分别为 0 4 5、 0 0 3;变异系数为0 4 8%、3 37% ;线性相关系数为 0 99993、0 99991;回收率为 99 3%～ 10 1 0 5%、99 6%～ 10 2 5%。     

悬浮法聚氯乙烯树脂杂质粒子的产生及预防

本文介绍PVA生产中产生杂质粒子的因素以及减少杂质粒子的措施。     

Adsorption and electrosorption at high-area carbon-felt electrodes for waste-water purification: Systems evaluation with inorganic, S-containing anions

Removal or modification of pollutants in industrial or mineral-processing wastewaters by electrosorption at high specific-area carbon materials (felts or powders) has been envisaged in previous work. Electrodes based on high-area substrates behave as quasi-three-dimensional interfaces, thus minimizing diffusion limitation in removal of trace impurities in waters. In the present paper, processes of open-circuit adsorption and electrosorption at electrochemically polarized, high-area C-felt electrode modules are quantitatively examined by means of in situ electrical resistance and optical absorbance measurements made in appropriately designed cells. The effectiveness of the procedures is examined by application to the adsorption and electrosorption of a series of related S-containing anions and the kinetics of their adsorption at the C-felt electrodes have also been evaluated in two cases. The adsorbability of such impurity ions is related to their hydration properties in water.     

柴油加氢裂化装置保护剂上杂质沉积分析

针对某炼油厂柴油加氢裂化装置停工换剂时发现精制反应器床层顶部的催化剂表面覆盖垢物的现象,对保护剂取样分析。对所取保护剂进行甲苯抽提处理后采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、等离子体光谱仪（ICP-OES）等手段进行检测。结果表明：保护剂上主要沉积含铁、磷、硅、钙、钛（Fe、P、Si、Ca、Ti）元素的杂质;保护剂表面更多地沉积含铁、磷、硅（Fe、P、Si）元素的杂质;含钾、钙（K、Ca）等元素的杂质均匀地沉积在保护剂上;保护剂上未出现其他物相结构。对此,建议炼油厂一方面要严格控制原料油中含磷、硅（P、Si）等元素的杂质的携带,另一方面要装填部分捕硅剂来优化保护剂的级配装填,实现装置的平稳运行。     

净水水处理剂中有害杂质在水中残留物分析与风险评估

与欧盟和美国标准相比,我国硫酸铝和硫酸铵标准缺少对水处理剂中有害杂质镍、锑、硒、银、吡啶、氰化物、六价铬的检测;次氯酸钠缺少对水处理剂中有害杂质汞、铬、镉、铁、镍、锑、硒、银、六价铬的检测。结合某市2019年上半年13个水厂出厂水和原水的检测数据,剔除了5项始终低于检出限的有害杂质指标,以及2项出厂水浓度低于原水浓度的有害杂质指标。建议该市硫酸铝和硫酸铵的检测项目可以在原有国标基础上增加锑、硒;次氯酸钠可以增加汞、锑、硒。     

变质胺液净化复活技术进展

用于脱硫及脱碳的胺液在长期使用中因降解或杂质混入发生变质,导致脱硫脱碳效率下降、胺液发泡、装置腐蚀及能耗增大等系列问题,而胺液净化复活技术是解决胺液系统问题的有效手段。本文从变质胺液中污染物出发,分别总结了固体颗粒物、烃类及表面活性物质、胺变质产物及热稳定盐的成因、危害及其控制手段。针对热稳定盐等重点难处理污染物,主要介绍了蒸馏回收、离子交换以及电渗析等净化技术的技术原理及国内外研究与应用概况,并对技术特点进行总结分析。最后通过技术对比指出,电渗析因具备胺液回收率高、热稳定盐净化深度高、能耗适中、产生少量易处理污染物等特点,是我国在胺液净化复活技术领域最具潜力的发展方向。     

ICP-AES法测定ITiO(铟钛靶材)中铁钙镁锡

建立了电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法测定ITi O(铟钛靶材)粉末中Fe、Ca、Mg和Sn等杂质元素的分析方法。对溶液酸度、基体干扰、共存元素干扰等进行了试验和讨论,优化了仪器工作参数,方法的精密度(RSD,n=9)为0.41%~2.51%;回收率为99%~103%。适用于ITiO(铟钛靶材)粉末中杂质元素铁、钙、镁和锡量的测定。     

磷石膏脱硫钙渣净化湿法磷酸的实验研究

研究了以磷石膏脱硫钙渣为原料替代天然石灰用于饲料级磷酸氢钙生产中的湿法磷酸净化,通过与天然石灰净化湿法磷酸净化深度的对比,分析了不同p H值条件下各种杂质含量的变化趋势和沉降体积随时间的变化趋势。结果表明,在用磷石膏脱硫钙渣净化湿法磷酸的过程中,各种杂质含量的变化趋势与用天然石灰净化湿法磷酸过程变化趋势基本相同,对比铁、铝、镁的脱除率和沉降体积的数据,用磷石膏脱硫钙渣体系替代天然石灰不会对工业实际生产造成影响,其磷收率为87.3%(p H 2.65下),石灰体系为88.0%(p H 2.73下),两者基本持平。