Electrolyte composition and removal mechanism of Cu electrochemical mechanical polishing

The optimization of electrolytes and the material removal mechanisms for Cu electrochemical mechanical planarization （ECMP） at different pH values including 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole （TTA）, hydroxyethylidenediphosphoric acid （HEDP）, and tribasic ammonium citrate （TAC） were investigated by electrochemical techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer （XPS） analysis, nano-scratch tests, AFM measurements, and polishing of Cu-coated blanket wafers. The experimental results show that the planarization efficiency and the surface quality after ECMP obtained in alkali-based solutions are superior to that in acidic-based solutions, especially at pH=8. The optimal electrolyte compositions （mass fraction） are 6% HEDP, 0.3% TTA and 3% TAC at pH=8. The main factor affecting the thickness of the oxide layer formed during ECMP process is the applied potential. The soft layer formation is a major mechanism for electrochemical enhanced mechanical abrasion. The surface topography evolution before and after electrochemical polishing （ECP） illustrates the mechanism of mechanical abrasion accelerating electrochemical dissolution, that is, the residual stress caused by the mechanical wear enhances the electrochemical dissolution rate. This understanding is beneficial for optimization of ECMP processes.     

一种新型阻尼减震机构的设计

本文设计一种新型的拉索式阻尼减震机构,对新型机构的位移放大系数进行计算和分析,并对一个安装有新型机构的三层框架结构的地震响应进行仿真分析。分析结果表明,所设计的新型减震机构具有位移放大系数大、构造简单、连接构件用钢量少等优点,优于目前常见的对角斜撑型和水平支撑型的阻尼器布置方式。     

三维电极／电Fenton法处理苯酚废水机理研究

目的确定三维电杉电Fenton法处理苯酚废水的最佳反应条件并探讨反应机理．方法设计正交试验确定最佳反应条件,对处理结果进行紫外光谱分析;采用叔丁醇验证·OH的存在．结果在最佳反应条件pH值3,电解电压为12V,极板间距为10．5cm,电解质投加质量浓度为1．2g/L,Fe^2＋投加浓度为0．9mmol／L条件下,苯酚最大去除率为97．38％．苯酚去除率影响因素大小为pH值〉电解电压〉Fe^2＋投加浓度〉极板间距〉电解质投加质量浓度．反应过程中,苯酚首先被降解为醌类化合物并进一步降解为其他中间产物,最终被氧化为小分子化合物．结论苯酚的去除主要是电极的直接氧化,·OH以及其他活性氧化物共同作用的结果,其中·OH对苯酚的降解起到主要作用．     

“若”的语法化研究

目前学界对“若”的研究主要着眼于其本义的探析、考释及其演化,而对于其语法化的研究则相对较少,部分研究也主要倾向于描写语法化的轨迹、路径,对其语法化手段机制的解释则更少。鉴于此,我们将从“若”的语源义入手,探讨“若”的语义演变路径、语法化轨迹以及语法化机制。     

Dissolution mechanism and solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K简

The dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis. The results show that hemimorphite is soluble in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system and its residue exists in the form of an amorphous SiO2 layer on the hemimorphite surface. The XPS data also indicate that the Si 2p3/2 and O ls spectra of the hemimorphite are broadened and shift to higher binding energies and their binding energies are closer to silica with an increase of total ammonia and time. Solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system was measured by means of isothermal solution method at 298.15 K based on the study of the dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite. The results show that the solubility of zinc in solution increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of cr（NH3） （total ammonia concentration） at different NH3/NH4^＋ ratios. The solubility of silicon in solution decreases from 0.0334 mol/kg in ct（NH3）-4.1245 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution to 0.0046 mol/kg in cT（NH3）=7.6035 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution.     

仿蝙蝠折叠扑翼机构设计与分析

基于对蝙蝠飞行方式的研究,提出了一种仿蝙蝠扑翼飞行器设计方案,并且通过单一原动件驱动,既实现了拍动和折叠的耦合协调运动,又提高了系统的单位质量功率系数.设计的对称双翼拍动机构能保证左右翅膀同步运动,为飞行器的平稳飞行提供了保证.采用凸轮机构来控制翅翼的伸展和收缩,通过调整凸轮外轮廓线和初始相位角可以控制蝙蝠翅翼的折叠状况.拍动机构和翅翼折叠机构的协调耦合,可以实现翅翼空间运行轨迹的规划.建立了翅膀拍动和折叠的数学模型,在此基础上编写了仿真程序,仿真结果达到了预期的目标.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

业务量驱动的区域化无线接入网自主节能机制

为了实现无线接入网的高效节能,提出了一种业务量驱动的自主节能机制,包括基于业务量的节能时间域划分方法、阶段式的节能触发算法和节能恢复算法. 为了评估机制的有效性,提出了无线接入网能耗模型和评估方法. 基于现网的拓扑场景,对提出的自主节能机制进行仿真验证,结果表明,该机制能在保证区域业务质量和实现有效覆盖补偿的基础上,至少达到17.5%的节能效果,相比其他节能机制,能在均衡各方面性能的基础上达到很好的节能效果.     

构建高职院校安全管理长效机制探析

高校校园安全管理工作是学校生存和发展的基础。高职院校要在整体防范的基础上,通过制度化的手段,将校园安全齐抓共管机制、安全检查机制、安全理论研究机制和安全管理联动机制有效结合起来,构建高职院校校园安全管理的长效机制,形成校园有安全、师生有和谐、生命有保障的良好局面。     

河道生态修复与治理研究

提出污水物理处理与生态修复技术相结合的方法,采用源头引水增水量-沿线建立多机制生物处理-曝气-沉淀-消毒等方法,降低了三湘江水排放对九龙江水质的污染,改善内河水体水质及景观生态。