国外近年研制的新型不敏感单质炸药

介绍了国外某些新型不敏感单质炸药的合成和性能，包括硝基化合物炸药FOX07、LLM-105、MTNI、4，6-二硝基苯并氧化呋咱衍生物、PL-1、LLM-116、ANTZ，硝胺炸药I-RDX、TEX以及其它单质炸药DAAF、DAAzF、DAAT。其中FOX-7和LLM-105在不敏感弹药中应用前景良好。     

Highly Efficient and Water‐Insensitive Self‐Healing Elastomer for Wet and Underwater Electronics

Integrating self‐healing capabilities into soft electronic devices increases their durability and long‐term reliability. Although some advances have been made, the use of self‐healing electronics in wet and/or (under)water environments has proven to be quite challenging, and has not yet been fully realized. Herein, a new highly water insensitive self‐healing elastomer with high stretchability and mechanical strength that can reach 1100% and ≈6.5 MPa, respectively, is reported. The elastomer exhibits a high (>80%) self‐healing efficiency (after ≈ 24 h) in high humidity and/or different (under)water conditions without the assistance of an external physical and/or chemical triggers. Soft electronic devices made from this elastomer are shown to be highly robust and able to recover their electrical properties after damages in both ambient and aqueous conditions. Moreover, once operated in extreme wet or underwater conditions (e.g., salty sea water), the self‐healing capability leads to the elimination of significant electrical leakage that would be caused by structural damages. This highly efficient self‐healing elastomer can help extend the use of soft electronics outside of the laboratory and allow a wide variety of wet and submarine applications.     

HTPE的合成及弹性体的性能

以大分子聚乙二醇为引发剂(起始剂),三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,在少量环氧丙烷助开环的条件下,四氢呋喃发生阳离子开环聚合,直接在聚乙二醇的两端接上了聚四氢呋喃醚链段,从而制备出了一种全新结构的PTHF-PEO-PTHF端羟基三嵌段共聚醚(HTPE),采用红外光谱和核磁共振1H NMR对产物进行了表征,并以合成的HTPE...     

冷却结晶法制备不敏感RDX研究

考察了RDX在不同溶剂中的冷却结晶行为,环己酮作为溶剂时得到的晶体品质最高。对RDX在环己酮中冷却结晶过程的研究结果表明,搅拌速率主要影响粒度及其分布,降温速率则决定晶体缺陷数量及体积,搅拌速率为200~400 rpm,降温速率为0.05~0.2 K.min-1时,RDX特性落高最大可提高约70%。     

2, 4-二硝基咪唑的合成、热性能及感度研究（英）

实验室合成出了2,4-二硝基眯唑。     

Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity of 2, 4-Dinitroimidazole

Pursuing new insensitive high explosive (IHE) is the main research hot-point in explosive field. Nitroimidazole compounds were mainly studied in the medicine chemistry in the past[1-2], seldom seen as the components of explosives and propellants. But now, several nitroimidazole compounds, such as 2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-DNI), 2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (2, 4, 5-TNI) and 1-methyl-2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (MTNI) etc are found to be the important intermediates of synthesizing new high explosives or itself possessing excellent explosive performances[3-5]. This paper introduces the synthesis, especially the experimental thermal stability, sensitivity and security of 2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-DNI).     

频率漂移不敏感太赫兹波透射测量系统设计

当太赫兹波源频率发生漂移时,由于干涉效应会影响太赫兹波对样品透射测量结果的精度。设计了一种频率漂移不敏感的双光路透射测量系统。用MATLAB建立了F-P干涉效应仿真模型,对参数进行了优化,分析比较了太赫兹波源频率漂移对单路和双路透射测量系统测量精度的影响。结果表明,该测量系统有效地克服了太赫兹辐射源频率漂移对测量的影响,提高了测量精度。     

Energetic Improvements by N-Oxidation: Insensitive Amino-Hydroximoyl-Tetrazole-2N-Oxides

5-Aminohydroximoyl-2-hydroxytetrazole (3) was synthesized in a three-step synthesis from inexpensive starting materials. This novel tetrazole derivative contains two energetic moieties: an N-oxide as well as an aminohydroximoyl group. Various energetic nitrogen-rich salts such as hydroxylammonium (4), guanidinium (5), aminoguanidinium (6), ammonium (7), and triaminoguanidinium (8) were synthesized. Moreover, zwitterionic 5-amidrazonyl-tetrazole-2-oxide monohydrate (9) was synthesized. Compounds 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10 were structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally, all new compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and vibrational (infrared [IR], Raman) spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The thermal behavior was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements and the sensitivities of the compounds toward shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge were determined. Finally, the enthalpies of formation were calculated (atomization method, CBS-4 M enthalpies) and several detonation/propulsion parameters computed with the EXPLO5 code.     

A Study of Reduced-Sensitivity RDX

Five lots of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5,-triazinane) were believed to have different shock sensitivities based on large-scale gap test (LSGT) results. Laboratory investigations included direct-insertion mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized light with hot-stage microscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC proved useful at distinguishing differences between lots. The RDX lots studied included three made in the United States by BAE Ordinance Systems (Holston), one from Eurenco (formally SNPE), and one from Dyno Nobel. Of Holston RDX, two lots had been reprocessed by Eurenco to reduce sensitivity. Increased sensitivity appeared to correlate with increased HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) content. Aging and heating of RDX with HMX content appeared to contribute to the formation of an RDX/HMX eutectic, which could explain the enhanced sensitivity observed in some samples.     

恒偏向棱镜的光线变换矩阵和传输特性分析

恒偏向棱镜是指能恒定改变光束传输方向的转向元件。本文分析了恒偏向棱镜,导出了它的光线变换矩阵及失调矩阵,进一步导出了棱镜存在制造公差情况下的变换矩阵,并指出它只是二维失调不灵敏元件。最后分析了它对一般离轴像离散高斯光束的传输变换特性,给出了复曲率和离轴参数的张量变换规律。