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61.
62.
Ionic liquids as electrolytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors. 相似文献
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64.
从工艺流程、设备材质、操作、汽耗等方面对双效逆流降膜浓缩装置和双效逆流板式蒸发器浓缩装置进行了比较,结果表明两种浓缩装置各有特点。 相似文献
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67.
以自制苯并噻唑离子液体([HBth]HSO4)为活性组分,HZSM-5分子筛为载体,通过过量溶剂浸渍法制备了固载型苯并噻唑离子液体催化剂([HBth]HSO4/HZSM-5)并用于催化合成烷基糖苷,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、N2物理脱附、场发射电子显微镜和X射线衍射对催化剂结构进行表征,结果表明,[HBth]HSO4被成功地引入到HZSM-5载体的表面及孔道内。当催化剂用量为1.5 wt%,反应温度为105℃,醇糖摩尔比n(葡萄糖):n(辛醇)=6:1时,辛基糖苷得率达148.8%(产物质量/葡萄糖的质量?100%)。底物拓展及催化剂稳定性研究结果表明,[HBth]HSO4/HZSM-5对烷基糖苷及其衍生物都具有良好的催化效果,且催化剂能稳定循环使用四次,活性组分流失是催化剂失活的主要原因。通过对烷基糖苷催化合成机理和动力学的研究,确定了动力学方程。 相似文献
68.
Ammonium-based ionic liquid monomers and their corresponding polymers [poly(ionic liquid)s] are synthesized and characterized for CO2 sorption. The polymers have much higher CO2 sorption capacities than the room-temperature ionic liquids and imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s. For example, P[VBTMA][PF6] with polystyrene backbone has a CO2 sorption capacity of 10.67 mol%. The CO2 sorption is selective over N2 and O2. The effects of cation, backbone, substituent, anion and crosslinking on CO2 sorption are discussed. The sorption mechanism study indicates that CO2 sorption by the poly(ionic liquid)s is a bulk and surface phenomenon. 相似文献
69.
V.V. Zyryanov N.F. Uvarov V.A. Sadykov Y.V. Frolova G.M. Alikina A.I. Lukashevich M.I. Ivanovskaya J.M. Criado S. Neophytides 《Catalysis Today》2005,104(2-4):114-119
Nanopowders of LaGaO3- and LaMnO3-based complex perovskites (P) and ceria-based fluorites (F) were prepared by mechanosynthesis. Compatible nanocomposites F + P and P + P with mixed ion and electron conducting (MIEC) properties were prepared and sintered at moderate temperatures up to dense ceramics. The obtained materials were studied by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, electrical conductivity measurements, temperature programmed (TP) reduction/oxidation and preliminary estimations of permeability were obtained. A new strategy based on the advantages of the mechanochemical ceramic approach is proposed to design multilayer ceramic membranes for CMR. Casting technology and one-step sintering were used for the production of thin film membranes with MIEC properties on porous substrates. The coarse fraction of as-milled powders from agglomerates with density 70% was used for the porous substrate, and fine fractions of aggregates with sizes <1 μm were used in preparation of composites for thin dense films. Ceria-based composites prepared by the Pechini route and/or mechanochemical method are proposed as materials for protecting thin films. 相似文献
70.
Mohammed Mahfooz Khan 《Fuel》1982,61(6):553-556
This Paper deals with a comparative study on the use of gel permeation chromatography (g.p.c.) and vapour pressure osmometry (v.p.o.) to obtain molecular weight data for the hexane-soluble fractions of three H-coal liquids. The use of two types of column packing materials, polyvinylacetate and styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer gels, is described. A successful, preparative use of the polyvinylacetate gel to fractionate the hexane-soluble fraction of H-coal liquid, atmospheric still overhead (ASO), has been established. Molecular weight data obtained by v.p.o. for the benzene-soluble fraction and the pyridine-soluble fraction of the three H-coal liquids are reported. Solvent extraction has been utilized also to find the amount of oil, asphaltenes and asphaltols in the three H-coal liquids. 相似文献