Enzymatic hydrolysis and their effects on conformational and functional properties of peanut protein isolate

The effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis by Alcalase on the conformational and functional properties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) protein isolate (PPI) were investigated. Acid subunits of arachin were most susceptible to Alcalase hydrolysis, followed by conarachin and the basic subunits of arachin. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased the thermal stability of arachin and led to a sharp increase in the number of disulphide bonds with a decrease of the sulphydryl group in PPI hydrolysates in comparison with PPI. The analysis of intrinsic fluorescence spectra indicated a more moveable tertiary conformation of PPI hydrolysates than PPI. The limited emzymatic hydrolysis improved the functional properties of PPI, such as protein solubility and gel-forming ability, but impaired the emulsifying activity index.     

微生物谷氨酰胺转移酶对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性能的影响

研究了底物浓度pH、酶浓度、温度、时间、离子浓度和二巯基苏糖醇（DTT）的添加对微生物谷氨酰胺转移酶（MTGaSe）诱导的大豆分离蛋白（sPI）凝胶强度的影响。结果表明，在SPI溶液中加入MTGaSe，可以使体系在低温下形成凝胶；SPI低于8％不能形成凝胶；pH7.0，酶量为30U／g．pro，50℃水浴加热1h，NaCl为O，6N时，均可获得最高的凝胶强度；添加DTT，对体系无影响。     

Rheological properties and stability of model salad dressing emulsions prepared with a dry-heated soybean protein isolate–dextran mixture

The rheological characteristics of model salad dressing emulsions, incorporating a dry-heated soybean protein isolate (SPI)–dextran mixture as emulsifier, were investigated by applying dynamic rheometry tests in an attempt to probe the emulsion structure and to elucidate the mechanism of their stability against creaming. Both the viscoelastic properties and the creaming behaviour of the dressings were greatly influenced by the extent of protein–dextran conjugation and also by xanthan gum addition. The results are discussed in terms of emulsion droplet interactions which, depending on the extent of glyco-conjugation, may be dominated by depletion or ‘bridging’ flocculation effects and, thereby, influence the droplet network structure collapse during ageing.     

羊肉涂膜保鲜效果影响研究

以新鲜羊肉为原料,采用涂膜保鲜法分别研究了大豆分离蛋白和山梨酸钾对羊肉保鲜效果的影响。以羊肉的感官指标、pH值、挥发性盐基氮值和菌落总数为判断标准,探讨了三种保鲜剂对羊肉保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白膜溶液的浓度在5%时,在4℃条件下可以保鲜20d,肉的品质和感官指标较好。其保鲜效果优于山梨酸钾,且安全性较高。     

低温红肠在天然可食性膜包装条件下的货架寿命研究

以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、大豆分离蛋白为原料制备天然可食性膜,通过测定可食性膜的水溶性、透明度、膜的厚度筛选出贮藏低温肉制品最优的可食性膜,并通过测定不同贮藏期低温红肠的感官评价、细菌总数、脂肪氧化值(TBARS)、H2S等指标研究可食性对低温肉制品货架期的影响,结果表明:低温红肠制品用1组(2%壳聚糖+1%冰乙酸)、2组(...     

Emulsifying properties of soy protein isolates obtained by microfiltration

Soy protein isolate (SPI) fractions were produced using two different pore size microfiltration membranes. Microfiltration was carried out on SPI produced by isoelectric precipitation of a crude protein extract. Five fractions were obtained: two retentates and two permeates from the two membranes plus an intermediate fraction obtained as the retentate on the small‐pore‐size membrane using the permeate from the larger‐pore‐size membrane. Emulsions stabilised by the retentate fractions exhibited higher values (P < 0.01) of emulsion stability index (ESI) and emulsifying activity index (EAI) than those stabilised with fractions made from the permeates. The intermediate fraction gave intermediate ESI values, while the EAI values were not significantly different from those for SPI and one of the retentates. SDS‐PAGE profiles indicated that the fractions exhibiting high functionality in terms of ESI and EAI were also richer in 7S globulin soy protein subunits. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

阿魏酸对可食性大豆蛋白膜理化特性的影响

用大豆分离蛋白制备可食性包装膜时，在成膜溶液中添加阿魏酸能增加膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率，降低膜的水蒸气透性，并减少甘油用量、提高膜的抗氧化性能。阿魏酸的最适添加量为100mg／100g。其主要机理是阿魏酸与蛋白质的某些氨基酸反应而增加了蛋白质的交联度。由于阿魏酸与蛋白质反应后吸收峰红移，暗示阿魏酸的添加有利于膜防止短波辐射，延长食品保质期。     

3种芝麻蛋白结构和性质比较研究

采用SDS-PAGE电泳、傅里叶红外光谱、氨基酸组成分析对亚临界芝麻粕、天然芝麻和高温芝麻粕中提取的分离蛋白的结构和性质进行了比较研究。结果表明:亚临界芝麻蛋白(SPSI)和天然芝麻蛋白(NSPA)的亚基组成与分布基本一致,高温芝麻蛋白(SPHS)与前两种芝麻蛋白的结构有明显的差异,高温造成SPHS缺失NSPA的典型亚基,这会影响其性质和应用范围;SPSI、NSPA和SPHS在酰胺III带的吸收峰分别在1 235、1 237 cm-1和1 240 cm-1;SPSI与NSPA的氨基酸组成基本一致,且相比SPHS的氨基酸配比更符合FAO推荐值;SPSI具有较好的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性和泡沫稳定性。从亚临界芝麻粕提取的芝麻蛋白的结构破坏程度低,营养价值较高并且功能性好,更适宜作为食品原料。     

过氧化脂质对分离蛋白凝胶性质的影响

以大豆为原料,通过常温下正己烷浸提去油,得到高脂肪氧合酶活力的豆粕,采用不同干热程度处理得到酶活不同的豆粕,进而以碱溶酸沉法制备分离蛋白。发现不同脂质过氧化程度的豆粕提取出的分离蛋白性质差异比较显著。不同蛋白氯仿-甲醇提取液的荧光测定证实了过氧化脂质的存在。浊度反映了蛋白中不溶性聚集体的含量。凝胶的流变、质构和渗透性测定表明了不同程度蛋白聚集的凝胶性质的变化,而凝胶的扫描电镜图也显示了凝胶微观结构随灭酶程度的变化。     

FT-IR分析乳清分离蛋白-葡聚糖接枝物的结构变化

A294、褐变程度和游离氨基含量的测定结果证实乳清分离蛋白与葡聚糖在干热处理条件下确实发生了以美拉德反应为机理的接枝反应。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了接枝反应对乳清分离蛋白分子结构的影响。与原蛋白相比,乳清分离蛋白-葡聚糖接枝物在3700~3200 cm-1范围内出现一宽峰及在1260~1000 cm-1范围内吸收增强;接枝物在酰胺Ⅰ带(1600~1700 cm-1)和酰胺Ⅱ带(1500~1600 cm-1)内的峰形发生变化,峰强增加,对应的吸收峰位发生红移。结合去卷积和二阶导数处理,对酰胺Ⅰ带进行曲线拟合,定量分析了接枝反应前后蛋白质分子二级结构的变化。结果显示,由于大分子葡聚糖的接入,WPI的二级结构遭到破坏,β-转角和无规则卷曲含量增加,α-螺旋和β-折叠含量减少,蛋白质分子结构有序性减弱。