Sanitary legislation governing Food Services in Brazil

The Technical Regulation of Good Practices for Brazilian Food Services (Regulamento Técnico de Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação do Brasil) can be complemented by sanitary surveillance agencies at the state, district and municipal levels by tailoring it to location-specific requirements. The purpose of the present study was to survey sanitary legislation governing Brazilian Food Services. During the period from November 2011 to November 2012, a survey was conducted with the sanitary surveillance agencies from the various states, capitals and the Federal District. A previously prepared and tested tool was used for data collection, comprising 10 questions. Only 10 (19.2%) of the sanitary codes had been established prior to RDC Resolution n° 216/2004 and were not complementary. Of the legislation cited as complementary, only the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo and the capital of the state of São Paulo truly presented additional and location-specific aspects. No legislation that was specific to hospital kitchens was found. The majority of participating coordination, including the Evaluation List for Good Practices in Food Services, was also verified; however, it had not been published. In conclusion, a gap in sanitary surveillance services exists, which was caused by the lack of location-specific food service regulations.     

河流立法的伦理基础

伦理与法律具有产生的同源性、共同的要素组成、大部分相同的调整范围、共同的物质文化基础等共性;它们的区别有规范的特性不同、调整对象的外延不同、强制性不同、运作的模式不同、治理社会的程度不同等。伦理与法律相互渗透、互相补充、相得益彰。河流伦理将人与人之间的伦理关系拓展到人与河流的关系,河流伦理对河流立法的启示体现在人类必须学会与河流和谐相处,强调尊重河流生命、热爱大自然的原则,协调发展经济、社会和环境保护等三方面,这体现了人们对人与河流和谐共处的主观价值追求,不仅可以使河流伦理能够渗透到河流立法中,而且可以主导河流立法的价值取向和秩序规则。只有将河流伦理与河流立法结合起来,才能实现人与河流和谐相处的流域法治秩序。     

水利系统实施政府采购的成效及对完善政府采购法的建议

政府采购制度具有多重公共意义,在现代社会中发挥着重要的经济引导和政府职能实现的作用。近年,中央政府不断加大水利建设投资,水利系统政府采购的规模不断增长,范围不断扩大,初步建立了一套行之有效的政府采购制度体系。但由于政府采购法的规定较为原则,尚需完善具体制度建设。结合水利政府采购实践,建议政府采购法律在绿色采购、采购国货原则和加强反商业贿赂等方面进一步规范健全,并强调其公共性,增强其政策价值引导作用和对社会经济整体的宏观调控作用。     

关于推进黄河立法工作的思考

经过长期的积累和探索,黄河的立法时机趋向成熟。通过对黄河立法必要性和可行性的分析,论证了黄河流域立法工作的必要和紧迫。同时,论述了黄河立法过程中应遵循的基本原则,并在此基础上对应建立的法律制度提出建议,为解决黄河治理、开发、保护和管理中存在的问题提供思路。     

国内外地下水资源立法研究

我国许多地区过度开发利用地下水,造成了地面沉降、盐渍化、海水入侵等环境问题,严重影响人类生存环境及经济社会可持续发展。通过介绍国外地下水资源立法情况,结合我国地下水资源立法现状,分析了我国现阶段地下水立法中存在的问题,提出了加强和完善我国地下水资源立法的相关措施建议。     

英国海上油气设施弃置法律制度初探及对我国的启示

随着海上油气开发的不断深入,相关活动的法律规制也愈加迫切。文章介绍了英国海上油气设施弃置方面的相关法律制度,包括英国《1998年石油法》和英国能源与气候变化部《海上弃置部指引》的相关规定。通过与我国现行法律制度的对比研究,提出对我国海上油气设施弃置方面立法完善的建议,主要包括确认中国国际法义务和参与区域立法、明确主管部门及职责、设立弃置方法选择标准、完善弃置方案内容和实施步骤等。另外也阐释了对中国油公司的重要启示,尤其在投资海上油气田时,需要对海上油气设施弃置涉及的法律风险和相关成本因素予以慎重考虑。     

Impacts of environmental product legislation on solid oxide fuel cells

Ongoing development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology coincides with a rapid increase in legislation aiming to control the environmental impacts of products across their life cycle. A risk-based method is used to explore the potential future impacts of this body of legislation on the technology. Legislation controlling the use of hazardous materials is one area of significance. Under the new European REACH Regulation some nickel compounds, used widely throughout general industry but also in the fabrication of anode structures, may fall under the classification of a substance of very high concern (SVHC) in future, which presents a risk of restrictions being placed on their continued use. This risk must drive the development of alternative anode materials, or requires the SOFC industry to identify a socio-economic argument justifying exemption from any future restrictions. A legislative trend establishing recycling requirements for end-of-life products is also identified as having a potential future impact on the technology. Recycling strategies for SOFC products must be considered, prior to commercialisation. It is proposed that failure to meet these future environmental requirements may be detrimental to the perception of SOFC technology, the demand for which is substantially driven by the environmental benefits offered over incumbent power generation technologies. The consideration of these issues in the design of commercial products will mitigate this risk.     

立法和谐初论

立法和谐是构建和谐社会的重要一环。立法和谐的判断标准体现在立法内容的民主化、立法程序的正当化和立法技术的科学化3个方面。结合对阻碍我国立法和谐的现存因素的分析，指出我国应从理念、法律和制度建设等方面进一步推进立法和谐。     

Investigation on end-of-life electric and electronic equipment recycling and disposal system in China: legislation, education and dissemination

The Chinese obsolete electric and electronic equipments (EEE) recycling and disposal system on the point of view of legislation, education and dissemination were discussed, because of the highly increasing volume of electric and electronic products and that of its obsoletes today in China. The legislations and responsibilities of government, industry and consumer were discussed based on the balance of benefit and responsibility depending on the realization of their benefits in the whole life cycle of products and its status in the whole value chain. Not only the legislation and establishment of the so called “compulsory discarding system” will be a possible and effective solution to the difficulty of the obsolete collection and recycling for obsolete electric and electronic reclaiming industry, but also the education and dissemination. Education and dissemination were discussed as an important role which will emphasize the adjusting of policy and law on the development of electric and electronic industry production and its reclaiming. The education of stockholders’ environmental responsibility and the advocating of responsibility sharing should be implement for industry and consumer. Chinese EEE industry should emphasize the control of natural source, and should implement the environmental benign design in their production, such as design for dismantling, no dismantling, thermal treatment and green design. The perspectives for the way to advocate a harmonic society for Chinese people were described. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the Fundamental Theory and Key Techniques for Remanufacturing of China     

国内外畜禽养殖业粪便管理及立法的比较

基于我国和几个欧州国家畜禽养殖业粪便管理及立法的比较,总结了国内外畜禽养殖业粪便管理及立法的特征,找出我们在这方面的差距和今后的努力方向,为我国进行畜禽养殖业粪便管理及法制建设提供借鉴和参考．