基于机器视觉的内层包装缺陷检测光源的优化

目的 针对食品内层包装纸的缺陷特征,对机器视觉识别系统的照明光源进行优化,以提高内层包装缺陷的识别率,减少缺陷包装量。方法 基于计算机视觉识别技术,通过斑点检测不同光源下内层包装纸的常见缺陷特征,分别采用Matlab的三维绘图、相关性分析的方法,依次确定照明光源类型、形状和角度,并进行应用验证。结果 红外光源为纸铝复合内层包装纸缺陷特征识别的最适光源类型;条形光源与内层包装纸呈极显著相关,缺陷识别率达96.95%;60°的高角度照明位置与内层包装纸呈显著相关,缺陷识别率达96.96%。红外条形光源高角度照明,缺陷识别率达99%。结论 将红外条形光源高角度照明应用于纸铝复合内层包装纸的在线检测,与LED环形光源相比,其缺陷特征视觉识别率提高了0.51个百分点。     

低温酸奶灌装设备杀菌技术

目的 脉冲强光作为一种非热加工技术由于其高效、安全环保且能较大程度上保持食品的营养与风味,旨在探究其在低温酸奶灌装设备杀菌中的效果.方法 研究脉冲强光对低温酸奶灌装设备中不同包装容器的不同位置处的黑曲霉灭菌效果的影响.结果 实验结果表明,随着照度剂量的增加,脉冲强光对黑曲霉的杀灭效果显著增加.同一剂量的脉冲强光对不同形式的包装杀菌效果有显著的差异,塑瓶包装上的黑曲霉更难杀灭.包装容器上不同位置的杀菌效果有明显差异,其中塑杯包装的杯面底面、盖膜内面以及塑瓶包装的瓶盖侧面、底面和瓶坯口内外侧面均有较好的杀菌效果,但瓶盖螺纹处杀菌效果较差.在实际生产过程中,螺纹处的细菌较难杀灭,容易产生杀菌死角,具有一定的风险.结论 与紫外线杀菌相比,脉冲强光具有较好的杀菌效果,且穿透能力相对较强,在灌装设备中将具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于纹理及小波分析的车牌定位方法

提出了一种基于纹理和小波分析的车牌定位方法。针对图像背景复杂,且车牌所占比例较小的特点,提出了一种确定基元分类阈值的二值化方法;根据车牌字符分布规律,提出了二值纹理基元分析方法,提取车牌候选区域;基于小波分析提取车牌区域竖笔画特征,采用隶属度定量表征车牌竖笔画特征、位置特征及形状特征,给出综合这些特征、从候选区域提取车牌区域的方法。测试结果表明,该方法正确定位率超过96%     

Recent Progress in GaN‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes

In the last few years the GaN‐based white light‐emitting diode (LED) has been remarkable as a commercially available solid‐state light source. To increase the luminescence power, we studied GaN LED epitaxial materials. First, a special maskless V‐grooved c‐plane sapphire was fabricated, a GaN lateral epitaxial overgrowth method on this substrate was developed, and consequently GaN films are obtained with low dislocation densities and an increased light‐emitting efficiency (because of the enhanced reflection from the V‐grooved plane). Furthermore, anomalous tunneling‐assisted carrier transfer in an asymmetrically coupled InGaN/GaN quantum well structure was studied. A new quantum well structure using this effect is designed to enhance the luminescent efficiency of the LED to ～72%. Finally, a single‐chip phosphor‐free white LED is fabricated, a stable white light is emitted for currents from 20 to 60 mA, which makes the LED chip suitable for lighting applications.     

DSC analysis of a simply supported anisotropic rectangular plate

The discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm is used to analyze the deflection and free vibration behavior of a simply supported anisotropic rectangular plate. A novel approach is proposed to solve the difficulty in using DSC to handle the simply supported boundary conditions with bending–twisting coupling. DSC results are presented for bending under distributed load and a center concentrated load, and natural frequencies of flexural vibrations. It is shown that the DSC with proposed method to apply the simply supported boundary conditions yields very accurate results as compared to exact solutions or results obtained by methods of differential quadrature and finite element with fine meshes. It is also verified that neglecting the bending–twisting coupling in applying the simply supported boundary conditions may result incorrect solutions, especially for the bending analysis of anisotropic plates.     

冷板冷藏车内冷板换热性能的研究

采用焓法的处理方法对冷板冷藏车内冷板的相变传热问题进行研究。通过数值模拟计算得到冷板的最佳厚度及管间距;保证当冷板外表面过热到-5℃时冷板内共晶冰全部融解,同时又能保证冷板尽可能蓄更多的冷量,为冷板车内冷板结构设计提供参考。     

Thermal Buckling Analysis of Piezoelectric Functionally Graded Plates with Temperature-Dependent Properties

In this study, the thermal buckling analysis of hybrid laminated plates made of two-layered functionally graded materials (FGMs) that are integrated with surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators referred to as (P/FGM)_s are investigated. Material properties for both substrate FGM layers and piezoelectric layers are temperature-dependent. Uniform temperature rise as a thermal load and constant applied actuator voltage are considered for this analysis. By definition of four new analytic functions, the five coupled governing stability equations, which are derived based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory, are converted into fourth-order and second-order decoupled partial differential equations (PDEs). Considering a Levy-type solution, these two PDEs are reduced to two ordinary differential equations. One of these equations is solved using an accurate analytical solution, which is named as power series Frobenius method. The effects of parameters, such as the plate aspect ratio, ratio of piezoelectric layer thickness to thickness of FGM layer, gradient index, actuator voltage, and the temperature dependency on the critical buckling temperature difference, are illustrated and explained. The critical buckling temperatures of (P/FGM)_s with six various boundary conditions are reported for the first time and can be served as benchmark results for researchers to validate their numerical and analytical methods in the future.     

基于粘性胶带的缠绕捆扎机构设计

针对一种新型胶带捆扎机构,分析了其对柔性塑料袋的缠绕捆扎过程;引入断裂力学概念,基于断裂能量释放机理,建立了胶带剥离的力学模型;研究了胶带剥离速度与剥离力关系,得到了实现胶带缠绕捆扎所需的最小驱动力;最后,对弹簧支座位置进行了优化,使捆扎机构在最小驱动力条件下,能够实现对成束后塑料袋的捆扎。     

物体表面色的双光束平行检测

介绍了一种用于物体表面色检测的双光束多通道系统,采用脉冲光源模拟标准Ｄ６５有,由ＳＰＤ对颜色进行光谱的平探测,经过精密的光谱定标和光度定标,并结合软件功能,实现了物体色的快速精测量。