用KHβ新算法研究齿轮轮齿载荷分布

提出齿轮轮齿齿向载荷分布系数KHβ新的计算方法,并用此方法对影响KHβ的各种因素进行电算分析.新算法舍弃了齿轮强度国家标准中,轮齿载荷分布沿齿向成线性的假设条件,依据轮齿的载荷-变形协调关系,把影响载荷分布系数KHβ的各类误差归结为影响轮齿齿向的初始载荷分布,最终确定在动态条件下轮齿啮合线上的稳定载荷分布,再由KHβ的定义算得轮齿的载荷分布系数KHβ.利用新算法得到的轮齿齿宽、齿轮轴长、齿轮在轴上几何位置和齿轮精度等因素对KHβ影响的关系曲线,可供齿轮强度设计人员参考.     

机械强度有限寿命设计专家工作站硬件系统

介绍车载式和便携式两种机械强度有限寿命设计专家工作站的硬件系统，根据数字数据采集系统与计算机联机的工作原理，阐述了测量数据经过数据采集、模数转换、数字传输、数字记录、最后进入计算机分析处理的过程，同时对这两种系统的实际配置、技术特点、功能和使用方法进行了说明。     

Kriging模型在齿面磨损预测中的应用

为快速准确地对齿面磨损进行预测,考虑双齿啮合区的载荷分配并用Kriging方法建立了新的磨损数值仿真模型.基于Winkler弹性模型和轮齿啮合原理得到磨损量计算所需要的压力分布及啮合速度,在确定压力分布时考虑了由磨损带来间隙的影响,并对所需的载荷进行了动态分配;基于Archard磨损模型推导齿轮的磨损量数值仿真模型,得到了不同磨损次数下轮廓各个啮合点处的磨损深度;用Kriging方法和人工神经网络方法构建磨损与齿轮参数的关系代理模型,研究不同初始样本量下代理模型的逼近程度和拟合优度.算例计算结果表明:磨损量随磨损次数增加逐渐累积,参与啮合的齿廓各个位置的磨损量均不相同,节点处最小,越靠近齿根越大,主动轮(小齿轮)大于从动轮(大齿轮);综合比较3个初始样本量训练得到的Kriging模型表明,最小样本量为100时逼近程度和拟合优度都满足要求,并可预测未来的磨损量.采用Kriging模型具有较高的计算效率和精度,克服了磨损数值仿真模型计算耗时长的不足.     

Force Control of Electro-Hydraulic Servo System Based on Load Velocity Compensation

In an electro-hydraulic servo control system, the force servo system is an important component. However, due to the nonlinear characteristic of hydraulic systems, traditional control methods cannot achieve satisfactory control performances. To deal with this issue, a load velocity compensation algorithm based on the structural invariant principle is proposed in this paper. First, the theoretical analysis of the hydraulic and cylindrical force control system is presented, and the mathematical model of the force control system is established. Then the open-loop frequency response characteristics of the system are analyzed, in which the Bode diagram shows that the bandwidth of the system is obviously expanded after adopting the load velocity compensation algorithm. Finally, a practical hydraulic and cylindrical force servo system is introduced to validate the feasibility of the proposed controller, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the performance of force control and eliminate the influence of load stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of the system through a set of comparative experiments with different elastic loads.     

浅谈季节性冻土桥梁桩基础特性及其静载试验

多年冻土地区桥梁工程往往由于地基的冻融作用,不良冻土地区冻融的影响,会产生各种工程病害,从而影响工程使用。文章通过对季节性冻土桩基静载试验来分析验证桩基的承载力能否满足设计使用要求。     

自平衡法在天津市文化中心交通枢纽工程中的应用

用自平衡法进行桩基检测时,荷载箱的埋设位置决定检测数据的真实性.现行自平衡点计算公式不考虑桩顶荷载作用,影响测试结果.为了避免因为平衡点计算精度影响测试结果,根据天津市文化中心交通枢纽工程实际情况,考虑桩顶上部回填级配碎石对平衡点的影响,修正既有平衡点计算公式.运用修正后的公式,计算天津市文化中心交通枢纽工程桩平衡点,并与设计值进行了比较,吻合较好.     

Replication and comparison of computational experiments in applied evolutionary computing: Common pitfalls and guidelines to avoid them

Replicating and comparing computational experiments in applied evolutionary computing may sound like a trivial task. Unfortunately, it is not so. Namely, many papers do not document experimental settings in sufficient detail, and hence replication of experiments is almost impossible. Additionally, some work fails to satisfy the thumb rules for Experimentation throughout all disciplines, such that all experiments should be conducted and compared under the same or stricter conditions. Also, because of the stochastic properties inherent in evolutionary algorithms (EAs), experimental results should always be rich enough with respect to Statistics. Moreover, the comparisons conducted should be based on suitable performance measures and show the statistical significance of one approach over others. Otherwise, the derived conclusions may fail to have scientific merits. The primary objective of this paper is to offer some preliminary guidelines and reminders for assisting researchers to conduct any replications and comparisons of computational experiments when solving practical problems, by the use of EAs in the future. The common pitfalls are explained, that solve economic load dispatch problems using EAs from concrete examples found in some papers.     

Discrepancy analysis of driving performance of taxi drivers and non-professional drivers for red-light running violation and crash avoidance at intersections

Due to comfort, convenience, and flexibility, taxis have become increasingly more prevalent in China, especially in large cities. However, many violations and road crashes that occurred frequently were related to taxi drivers. This study aimed to investigate differences in driving performance between taxi drivers and non-professional drivers from the perspectives of red-light running violation and potential crash involvement based on a driving simulation experiment. Two typical scenarios were established in a driving simulator, which includes the red-light running violation scenario and the crash avoidance scenario. There were 49 participants, including 23 taxi drivers (14 males and 9 females) and 26 non-professional drivers (13 males and 13 females) recruited for this experiment. The driving simulation experiment results indicated that non-professional drivers paid more attention to red-light running violations in comparison to taxi drivers who had a higher probability of red-light running violation. Furthermore, it was found that taxi drivers were more inclined to turn the steering wheel in an attempt to avoid a potential collision and non-professional drivers had more abrupt deceleration behaviors when facing a potential crash. Moreover, the experiment results showed that taxi drivers had a smaller crash rate compared to non-professional drivers and had a better performance in terms of crash avoidance at the intersection.     

动压巷道组合锚索的“应力柱”效应研究

为有效控制动压巷道围岩变形较大、支护控制困难等问题，以山西某矿8102工作面为工程背景，通过现场调研、数值模拟、现场试验等手段，对动载扰动条件下组合锚索的支护效果进行研究分析，并在现场进行了工业性试验。研究结果表明:通过对在动压巷道顶板施加组合锚索的数值模拟得知，巷道顶板应力比较集中，并出现“应力柱”效应，巷道变形较小。结合现场工业性试验，在动压巷道顶板施加组合锚索，巷道变形破坏情况明显好于未施加组合锚索段；组合锚索可以有效控制动压巷道围岩变形破坏情况。