Exponential lower bounds for the pigeonhole principle

In this paper we prove an exponential lower bound on the size of bounded-depth Frege proofs for the pigeonhole principle (PHP). We also obtain an (loglogn)-depth lower bound for any polynomial-sized Frege proof of the pigeonhole principle. Our theorem nearly completes the search for the exact complexity of the PHP, as S. Buss has constructed polynomial-size, logn-depth Frege proofs for the PHP. The main lemma in our proof can be viewed as a general Håstad-style Switching Lemma for restrictions that are partial matchings. Our lower bounds for the pigeonhole principle improve on previous superpolynomial lower bounds.     

Exponential lower bounds for depth three Boolean circuits

We consider the class of unbounded fan-in depth three Boolean circuits, for which the bottom fan-in is limited by k and the top gate is an OR. It is known that the smallest such circuit computing the parity function has gates (for k = O(n ^1/2)) for some , and this was the best lower bound known for explicit (P-time computable) functions. In this paper, for k = 2, we exhibit functions in uniform NC ¹ that require size depth 3 circuits. The main tool is a theorem that shows that any circuit on n variables that accepts a inputs and has size s must be constant on a projection (subset defined by equations of the form x _i = 0, x _i = 1, x _i = x _j or x _i = ) of dimension at least log(a/s)log n. Received: April 1, 1997.     

Solution of impulsive boundary value problems on infinite intervals

In this paper, the upper and lower solution method and monotone iterative technique are employed to study the boundary value problem for a class of first-order impulsive ordinary differential equations with Carathéodory condition on infinite intervals. Several existence theorems are obtained.     

基于改进粒子群算法的随机流路网可靠性研究

为解决城市交通路网中容量的随机性对可靠性研究的影响问题,建立了随机流交通路网可靠性模型,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的交通路网可靠性评价方法,该方法能够搜索到满足条件的多个解,在算法中引入了一种转移机制可以有效地避免粒子陷入局部无目标搜索状态,又可保证全局搜索能力,最终能够搜索到路网在d需求量下的所有d-下界点以计算路网的可靠性.通过算例结果表明了该改进粒子群算法的可行性及准确性.     

提取黔西南红粘土的ASTER波段比值技术研究

红粘土型金矿是黔西南的一个重要的金矿类型,我们以往的研究实践表明:Aleks Kalinowski等[1]研制的红粘土型金矿ASTER波段比值4/5不适合黔西南红粘土的信息提取,因此,需要研究适合该地区的ASTER波段比值。ASTER波段比值组合2/1、4/3和(5+7)/6彩色合成后被成功地应用到研究区的红粘土提取中。比值的选择是建立在对矿区红粘土光谱曲线特征的分析和ASTER图像预处理的基础上,该比值组合能够有效提取出ASTER图像上的矿区红粘土信息,并可以扩展应用到周边地区,寻找到更多含金红粘土的分布区,这充分显示了ASTER波段比值彩色合成技术在红粘土提取中的作用。     

HJ-1/CCD地表反照率估算及其与NDVI关系分析

参照TM地表反照率反演算法,建立了适用于HJ-1/CCD传感器估算地表反照率的算法。通过应用6S辐射传输模型建立查找表,对覆盖内蒙古自治区锡林浩特市的HJ-1/CCD数据进行大气校正,并根据反照率定义,回归分析得到可见光波段地表反照率;通过与地面实测数据进行对比分析,表明该算法估算得到的地表反照率精度较高,其最大相对误差为14.32%。同时,本文将估算结果与同时期NDVI进行拟合分析,得出地表反照率与NDVI存在较高的负相关关系。     

多角度气溶胶遥感研究进展

相对于传统的暗目标法,多角度遥感反演气溶胶光学特性,能够利用卫星信号中包含的角度信息,更好地分离地表和大气的贡献,并且适用于一些高亮地表,为气溶胶反演提供了新的途径。本文围绕AATSR、MISR等多角度传感器,介绍了它们的设计特色和相关的多角度气溶胶反演算法,综合阐述了多角度气溶胶遥感方面的研究进展。     

基于Volterra级数的一类非线性系统性能评估

化工过程多具有非线性特征,针对用线性系统性能评估方法处理非线性系统会存在过估计的情况,研究了一类叠加线性干扰的非线性系统的性能评估问题。通过使用Volterra级数近似非线性环节,把最小方差性能评估问题转化成一类模型辨识问题,并从辨识误差中得到非线性系统的最小方差估计值。通过数值仿真,将新方法所得结果和现有线性性能评估方法进行了比较,验证了设计算法的优越性。     

Social class, child age, and parental socialization values.

Upper-, middle-, and lower-class parents were asked to explain a proverb which had both "growth" and "stability" interpretations to their 11- and 16-yr-old sons. The growth interpretation was overwhelmingly endorsed by most parents. With 16-yr-olds, lower-middle-class parents continued to endorse the growth interpretation; most upper-class parents endorsed the stability interpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)